Table 5 Multinomial logistic regression analysis, effect sizes represented as odds ratios. Case groups compared to the control group

Socio-economic indicators

 Unemployed

1.36 (.84–2.20)

.208

2.45 (1.38–4.35)

.002

3.83 (2.06–7.13)

 < .001

1.02 (.60–1.74)

.928

1.32 (.69–2.52)

.407

2.64 (1.31–5.32)

.007

 Less money than friends

4.11 (2.80–6.02)

 < .001

2.75 (1.45–5.21)

.002

4.14 (2.01–8.53)

 < .001

2.86 (1.82–4.51)

 < .001

1.85 (.90–3.84)

.096

1.88 (.80–4.41)

.147

 Health-related outcomes

 Bad health quality

1.89 (1.28–2.79)

.002

2.13 (1.23–3.69)

.007

2.69 (1.45–5.01)

.002

1.02 (.63–1.67)

.927

1.18 (.58–2.39)

.644

1.21 (.53–2.78)

.649

 Autoimmune disease

1.06 (.54–2.10)

.857

.82 (.26–2.61)

.735

2.73 (1.15–6.45)

.022

.88 (.44–1.78)

.724

.79 (.24–2.55)

.689

2.41 (.99–5.83)

.051

 BMI

1.05 (.74–1.49)

.783

1.72 (1.02–2.90)

.040

1.12 (.56–2.22)

.749

.93 (.66–1.31)

.688

1.43 (.89–2.32)

.142

.98 (.52–1.84)

.951

 Allergies

.98 (.69–1.40)

.920

.75 (.46–1.21)

.236

1.28 (.68–2.39)

.437

 Headache

1.17 (.80–1.70)

.410

1.08 (.65–1.80)

.762

.88 (.49–1.58)

.680

 Stomach pain

1.49 (1.05–2.11)

.027

.70 (.41–1.18)

.178

.70 (.40–1.23)

.220

1.20 (.83–1.76)

.331

.65 (.35–1.22)

.175

.49 (.25-.93)

.030

 Joint pain

1.64 (1.17–2.30)

.004

1.37 (.80–2.33)

.250

1.46 (.77–2.76)

.245

1.14 (.78–1.66)

.503

1.35 (.74–2.49)

.326

1.12 (.54–2.34)

.755

 No exercise

1.48 (1.03–2.13)

.036

1.73 (1.04–2.88)

.035

1.45 (.75–2.79)

.267

1.06 (.71–1.58)

.772

1.19 (.67–2.14)

.548

.92 (.43–1.96)

.820

 Bad sleep quality

2.36 (1.71–3.26)

 < .001

1.13 (.60–2.14)

.704

2.59 (1.39–4.82)

.003

1.50 (1.01–2.22)

.043

.67 (.32–1.40)

.283

1.58 (.70–3.53)

.265

 Screen exposure weekdays (> 4h)

1.18 (.86–1.63)

.296

1.52 (.91–2.54)

.112

1.25 (.68–2.31)

.474

 Screen exposure weekends (> 4h)

1.26 (.92–1.72)

.148

2.21 (1.29–3.79)

.004

1.80 (.96–3.38)

.065

1.08 (.78–1.50)

.629

1.59 (.90–2.84)

.111

1.43 (.76–2.72)

.269

Psychosocial vulnerability

 Performance at work/school

.66 (.49-.88)

.006

1.09 (.68–1.74)

.721

.60 (.35–1.01)

.056

.79 (.58–1.08)

.133

1.36 (.81–2.28)

.242

.71 (.40–1.24)

.223

 Faith in the future

.71 (.55-.91)

.007

.48 (.34-.67)

 < .001

.46 (.30-.69)

 < .001

1.08 (.76–1.54)

.650

.63 (.40–1.01)

.055

.72 (.41–1.26)

.257

 Perceived stress

1.21 (.98–1.49)

.069

.83 (.59–1.15)

.260

1.08 (.72–1.62)

.698

.92 (.71–1.19)

.527

.70 (.46–1.07)

.099

.79 (.49–1.28)

.334

 Control over life

.78 (.61-.99)

.048

.55 (.38-.79)

.001

.63 (.42-.96)

.031

1.13 (.81–1.59)

.461

.76 (.46–1.25)

.282

1.19 (.65–2.20)

.571

 Being bullied

1.55 (.83–2.87)

.162

1.13 (.45–2.85)

.790

3.91 (1.93–7.94)

 < .001

.92 (.47–1.81)

.817

.69 (.26–1.85)

.457

1.96 (.85–4.52)

.116

 Lack of social support

1.83 (1.09–3.07)

.021

2.10 (1.01–4.35)

.046

3.08 (1.33–7.17)

.009

1.00 (.55–1.82)

.995

1.26 (.54–2.92)

.596

1.20 (.43–3.35)

.724

 Feeling depressed

1.63 (1.15–2.31)

.006

1.45 (.87–2.41)

.151

2.09 (1.12–3.92)

.021

.92 (.55–1.55)

.764

.87 (.40–1.89)

.726

.95 (.33–2.68)

.919

 Feeling anxious

1.53 (1.07–2.20)

.021

1.28 (.77–2.11)

.336

2.01 (1.13–3.59)

.017

.94 (.54–1.64)

.820

1.01 (.47–2.19)

.981

1.39 (.58–3.32)

.463

 Concentration difficulties

2.53 (1.83–3.51)

 < .001

2.34 (1.48–3.67)

 < .001

1.95 (1.06–3.60)

.031

1.96 (1.32–2.91)

 < .001

2.35 (1.38–3.99)

.002

1.42 (.67–3.00)

.358

Risk-taking behaviours and perceptions of risks

 Risk-taking behaviours

1.74 (1.24–2.46)

.002

.41 (.24-.68)

 < .001

.68 (.37–1.24)

.208

1.24 (.86–1.79)

.233

.40 (.24-.67)

 < .001

.71 (.38–1.32)

.274

 Perceptions of risks

1.44 (1.15–1.81)

.002

1.22 (.87–1.70)

.253

.79 (.50–1.24)

.299

1.25 (.98–1.59)

.068

1.19 (.82–1.71)

.357

.70 (.42–1.19)

.181