Impairment of delayed recall as a predictor of amnestic mild cognitive impairment development in normal older adults: a 7-year of longitudinal cohort study in Shanghai

Table 1 Demography, brain volume and neuropsychological test between non-converter and converter at baseline(N = 108)

	Non-converter(N = 77)	Converter (N = 31)	F/z/χ²	p
Age (year)	68.00 ± 7.25	69.74 ± 6.27	− 1.658	0.970
Education (year)	9.97 ± 3.23	7.90 ± 3.59	− 2.772	0.006*
Male, n (%)	38(49.3%)	15(48.4%)	0.008	1.000
MMSE	28.26 ± 1.61	27.61 ± 1.94	− 1.556	0.120
MoCA	25.27 ± 3.50	24.03 ± 3.88	− 1.684	0.092
Digit span
forward	9.69 ± 2.27	9.42 ± 2.23	− 0.627	0.531
backward	5.94 ± 2.29	5.68 ± 2.12	− 0.487	0.626
AVLT
AVLT-IR	33.64 ± 8.99	31.84 ± 10.84	2.441	0.378
AVLT-DR	8.70 ± 3.61	6.81 ± 2.96	− 3.305	0.001*
Verbal fluency average^a	9.886 ± 2.99	9.247 ± 3.56	− 1.083	0.279
Visual recognition
functional^a	3.66 ± 0.62	3.52 ± 0.68	− 1.158	0.247
semantic^a	3.32 ± 0.79	3.26 ± 1.00	− 0.102	0.919
correct^b	6.13 ± 1.30	6.07 ± 1.44	− 0.054	0.957
WAIS picture completion	11.60 ± 4.07	10.29 ± 4.24	− 1.210	0.226
WAIS block design^b	29.86 ± 7.07	26.53 ± 8.29	0.096	0.041*
Left Hippocampus	3664.61 ± 416.75	3552.50 ± 450.77	0.002	0.219
Right Hippocampus	3834.27 ± 526.41	3822.51 ± 409.46	− 0.431	0.666
Left Amygdala	1530.66 ± 215.46	1475.03 ± 254.06	0.289	0.592
Right Amygdala	1651.25 ± 247.76	1681.33 ± 224.88	− 0.438	0.661
Heart Disease, n (%)	16(20.8%)	8(25.8%)	0.323	0.613
Hypertension, n (%)	36(46.8%)	16(51.6%)	0.209	0.676
Diabetes Mellitus, n (%)	10(13.0%)	5(16.1%)	0.182	0.760
hyperlipidemia, n (%)	9(11.7%)	4(12.9%)	0.031	1.000

Note: AVLT-IR = Auditory Verbal Learning Test immediate recall; AVLT-DR = Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall; MMSE = mini-mental state examination; MoCA = Montreal cognitive assessment; WAIS = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
*p<0.05; a One sample data was missing; b Two sample data were missing

ISSN: 1471-244X