Table 2 Energy and dietary intakes of study participants by tertile of GDSQ

Citrus fruits (g)

24.12 ± 53.99

28.98 ± 32.95

38.77 ± 41.17

< 0.01

Other fruits (g)

134.96 ± 132.69

179.16 ± 172.79

231.53 ± 168.67

< 0.001

Dark green leafy vegetables (g)

16.91 ± 18.53

36.87 ± 40.79

58.44 ± 43.06

< 0.001

Cruciferous vegetables (g)

6.94 ± 17.74

11.21 ± 18.10

17.06 ± 19.78

< 0.001

Deep orange vegetables (g)

0.27 ± 1.11

0.54 ± 1.94

0.47 ± 1.68

0.15

Other vegetables (g)

103.35 ± 112.49

145.00 ± 156.23

179.14 ± 141.59

< 0.001

Legumes (g)

49.88 ± 51.51

71.36 ± 50.51

92.76 ± 71.34

< 0.001

Deep orange tubers (g)

40.32 ± 44.86

37.07 ± 30.91

44.69 ± 36.42

0.08

Nuts and seeds (g)

10.18 ± 26.69

15.43 ± 33.29

24.30 ± 27.63

< 0.001

Whole grains (g)

60.31 ± 116.32

57.37 ± 106.03

51.15 ± 79.78

0.59

Liquid oils (g)

4.27 ± 7.41

5.75 ± 7.33

8.13 ± 8.81

< 0.001

Fish and shellfish (g)

5.74 ± 8.97

7.57 ± 9.77

12.17 ± 21.22

< 0.001

Poultry and game meat (g)

18.89 ± 22.05

23.93 ± 22.16

30.90 ± 27.05

< 0.001

Low fat dairy (g)

180.17 ± 173.82

242.67 ± 195.04

309.57 ± 240.83

< 0.001

Eggs (g)

15.31 ± 16.29

20.96 ± 20.99

25.43 ± 24.96

< 0.001

High fat dairy (g)

143.65 ± 153.49

190.44 ± 180.66

222.21 ± 164.88

< 0.001

Red meat (g)

11.45 ± 17.24

13.78 ± 17.02

15.30 ± 13.37

0.02

Processed meat (g)

7.31 ± 9.74

7.81 ± 10.11

7.68 ± 10.23

0.85

Refined grains and baked goods (g)

423.02 ± 236.07

413.33 ± 224.04

458.13 ± 228.43

0.08

Sweets and ice cream (g)

50.45 ± 37.63

49.28 ± 42.25

45.79 ± 49.08

0.45

Sugar-sweetened beverages (g)

80.76 ± 142.33

51.69 ± 89.52

39.67 ± 60.92

< 0.001

Juice (g)

54.19 ± 97.95

50.85 ± 92.62

71.87 ± 194.00

0.19

White roots and tubers (g)

8.29 ± 15.712

9.29 ± 12.90

1.63 ± 26.17

0.13

Purchased deep fried foods (g)

30.65 ± 31.04

33.95 ± 32.11

33.43 ± 27.52

0.42

Energy intake (Kcal)

2453.92 ± 832.39

2660.46 ± 765.80

3033.56 ± 786.70

< 0.001

Carbohydrate (% energy)

56.32 ± 8.08

54.17 ± 7.01

53.89 ± 6.43

< 0.001

Protein (% energy)

12.87 ± 2.24

13.86 ± 2.13

14.22 ± 2.07

< 0.001

Fat (% energy)

33.04 ± 8.66

34.29 ± 7.42

34.21 ± 6.77

0.12

Cholesterol (mg/1000 Kcal)

78.92 ± 47.03

93.88 ± 47.58

95.91 ± 39.43

< 0.001

Saturated fatty acid (gr/1000 Kcal)

10.55 ± 3.36

11.66 ± 3.32

11.52 ± 3.28

< 0.001

Monounsaturated fatty acid (gr/1000 Kcal)

12.05 ± 0.95

12.20 ± 3.26

12.13 ± 3.08

0.88

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (gr/1000 Kcal)

8.41 ± 3.61

8.41 ± 3.04

8.31 ± 2.76

0.92

Calcium (mg/1000 Kcal)

387.75 ± 125.18

436.79 ± 139.06

456.74 ± 130.93

< 0.001

Iron (mg/1000 Kcal)

7.41 ± 1.62

7.29 ± 1.41

7.43 ± 1.33

0.55

Vitamin A (mcg/1000 Kcal)

192.01 ± 371.85

219.71 ± 114.60

262.46 ± 119.93

< 0.01

Vitamin C (mg/1000 Kcal)

30.15 ± 20.39

35.83 ± 19.33

41.21 ± 20.41

< 0.001

Folate (mcg/1000 Kcal)

226.80 ± 55.74

226.96 ± 45.36

231.20 ± 45.40

0.53

Vitamin B6 (mg/1000 Kcal)

0.67 ± 0.13

0.72 ± 0.12

0.73 ± 0.11

< 0.001

Vitamin B12 (mcg/1000 Kcal)

1.55 ± 3.79

1.57 ± 0.75

1.65 ± 0.72

0.88