Table 5 Wisconsin Card Sort Test, comparing the probiotic and control group results at baseline and follow-up measurements

Wisconsin categories completed

3.67 ± 1.57

4.14 ± 1.91

0.47 ± 1.44

0.064

0.41

3.93 ± 1.97

4.33 ± 1.56

0.4 ± 1.81

0.143

0.33

0.499

Correct responses

83.97 ± 9.59

88.64 ± 10.41

4.67 ± 10.4

0.016*

0.54

81.95 ± 14.9

83 ± 13.1

1.1 ± 11.35

0.466

0.16

0.148

W total errors (%)

33.66 ± 7.75

31.29 ± 6.5

-2.36 ± 6.73

0.058

0.42

35.58 ± 11.79

34.65 ± 10.78

-0.93 ± 8.76

0.275

0.24

0.512

W perseverative responses (%)

34.63 ± 9.5

31.84 ± 7

-2.79 ± 7.31

0.027*

0.50

32.95 ± 11.34

31.68 ± 7.93

-1.3 ± 10.46

0.795

0.06

0.134

Perseverative error

17.88 ± 6.83

15.81 ± 5.1

-2.23 ± 6.27

0.017*

0.53

18.43 ± 6.16

17.55 ± 6.34

-0.88 ± 5.77

0.500

0.15

0128

Non-Perseverative Errors %

19.42 ± 12.94

16.33 ± 13.28

-3.1 ± 7.9

0.044*

0.45

17.55 ± 12.93

16.47 ± 10.2

-1.1 ± 7.73

0.434

0.17

0.242

Unique Errors? %

3.17 ± 1.93

2.52 ± 1.6

-0.66 ± 2.3

0.088

0.38

3.85 ± 2.74

3.63 ± 2.4

-0.22 ± 2.2

0.561

0.15

0.670

Trails to complete the first cat

26.88 ± 23.27

25.42 ± 24

-1.47 ± 9.84

0.294

0.23

25.3 ± 18.14

25.48 ± 19.14

0.18 ± 14.43

0.107

0.36

0.851

Failure to maintain set

3.64 ± 1.66

3.14 ± 1.6

-0.5 ± 1.8

0.156

0.32

3.33 ± 1.56

3.1 ± 1.82

-0.25 ± 2.2

0.539

0.14

0.483

Conceptional level response

54.78 ± 11.71

55.83 ± 12.93

1.1 ± 8.24

0.408

0.18

53.62 ± 12.1

52.5 ± 14.1

-1.12 ± 7.66

0.450

0.17

0.393