Predictors of problematic smartphone use among young adult lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a four-year follow-up study

Table 1 Demographics, Sexual Stigma, Self-Identity Confusion, Anxiety, Depression, Family Support, and PSU of Participants (N = 673)

Variable	n (%)	Mean (SD)	Range
Gender
Women	336 (49.9)
Men	337 (50.1)
Age at baseline (year)		24.8 (2.9)	20–30
Education level
High school or below	55 (8.2)
College or above	618 (91.8)
Sexual orientation
Bisexual	300 (44.6)
Gay or lesbian	373 (55.4)
Transgender	19 (2.8)
Perceived familial sexual stigma on the HRSS		26.8 (6.3)	10–40
Internalized sexual stigma on the MISS		35.6 (11.5)	17–76
Microaggression on the SOMI		42.3 (11.3)	19–78
Disturbed identity on the SCIM		37.5 (9.7)	13–67
Unconsolidated identity on the SCIM		29.4 (8.7)	10–64
Lack of identity on the SCIM		19.2 (7.5)	6–42
Anxiety symptoms on the STAI		41.2 (12.7)	20–79
Depressive symptoms on the CES-D		18.9 (11.3)	0–57
Family support on the APGAR Index		13.6 (3.6)	5–20
PSU on SPAI
At baseline		61.9 (14.6)	26–101
At follow-up		58.9 (17.4)	26–101

APGAR Index: Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve Index; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; HRSS: Homosexuality-Related Stigma Scale; MISS: Measure of Internalized Sexual Stigma for Lesbians and Gay Men; SOMI: Sexual Orientation Microaggression Inventory; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; SCIM: Self-Concept and Identity Measure; SPAI: Smartphone Addiction Inventory

ISSN: 1471-244X