Table 1 Characteristics of Included Studies
Study | Method | Sample (n) Esc/other ADs | Age (years) | Study duration (weeks) | Drug/dose | Diagnostic criteria | Outcome measures | Response criteria/ response rate Esc: other ADs | Remission criteria/remission rate | Overall discontinuation rate Esc: other ADs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corruble et al. 2013 [39] | RCT | 160/164 | 18–70 | 12 | Esc/10-20 mg/day, Agomelatine/25-50 mg/day | DSM-IV-TR, HAMD, CGI-S | HAMD, CGI-I, CGI-S | 80.0%/83.2% | 54.4%/60.9% | 20/164/23/160 |
Udristoiu et al. 2016 [26] | RCT | 143/144 | 18–65 | 12 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Agomelatine/25–50 mg/day | DSM-IV-TR, QIDS-SR16, HAMD, CGI-S, SDS | QIDS-SR16, HAMD-17, CGI-I, CGI-S, SDS | 68.4%/62.9% | - | 22/143/21/144 |
Clayton (AK130926) [31] | RCT | 149/138 |  ≥ 18 | 8 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Bupropion XR/300–450 mg/day | DSM-IV for HAMD | HAMD | 82/149/81/138 | 56/149/54/138 | 44/149/39/138 |
Clayton (AK130927) [32] | RCT | 138/141 |  ≥ 18 | 8 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Bupropion XR/300–450 mg/day | DSM-IV for HAMD | HAMD | 90/138/82/141 | 65/138/54/141 | 33/138/32/141 |
SCT-MD-35 | RCT | 138/147 | 18–80 | 8 | Esc/4 mg/day, Bupropion XR/150 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS, HAMD | 56/138/51/138 | 35/138/34/138 | 32/138/34/138 |
Soares et al. 2010 [53] | RCT | 299/296 | 40–70 | 8 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Desvenlafaxine/100–200 mg/day | MADRS, HAMD | HAMD-17, CGI-S | 73%/64% | 48%/38% | 43/299/51/296 |
Khan et al. 2007 [43] | RCT | 140/138 | 18–80 | 8 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Duloxetine/60 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS | 92/140/63/138 | 60/140/48/138 | 21/140/46/138 |
Nierenberg et al. 2007 [48] | RCT | 274/273 |  ≥ 18 | 8 | Esc/10 mg/day, Duloxetine/60 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS, CGI-S | HAMD | 109/274/113/273 | 85/274/97/273 | 66/274/85/273 |
Wade et al. 2007 [55] | RCT | 144/151 | 18–65 | 24 | Esc/10 mg/day, Duloxetine/60 mg/day | MADRS, HAMD, CGI-S | MADRS, HAMD, CGI-I, CGI-S | 115/144/112/151 | 94/144/87/151 | 32/144/37/151 |
Bielski et al. 2004 [35] | RCT | 101/101 | 18–65 | 8 | Esc/20 mg/day, Venlafaxine XR/225 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS, HDRS, CGI-I, CGI-S | 57/101/47/101 | 40/101/36/101 | 29/101/35/101 |
Montgomery et al. 2004 [46] | RCT | 148/145 | 18–85 | 8 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Venlafaxine XR/75–150 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS, HAMD, CGI-I, CGI-S | 113/148/113/145 | 102/148/99/145 | 23/148/21/145 |
Kadam et al. 2020 [41] | RCT | 16/17 | 18–60 | 12 | Esc/20 mg/day, Vilazodone/20 mg | HAMD-17, MADRS | HAMD-17, MADRS | - | - | 0/16/0/17 |
Kudyar et al. 2018 [25] | RCT | 26/24 | 18–55 | 6 | Esc/10 mg/day, Vilazodone/20 mg/day | DSM | HAMD | - | - | 0/26/0/24 |
Kumar et al. 2023 [57] | RCT | 26/26 | 18–55 | 4 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Vilazodone/20–40 mg | HDRS, MADRS, CGI-S | HDRS, MADRS |  |  | 2/26/6/26 |
Burke et al. 2002 [37] | RCT | 252/127 | 18–65 | 8 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Citalopram/40 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS, HDRS, CGI-I, CGI-S | 122/252/57/127 | 77/252/34/127 | 63/252/34/127 |
Colonna et al. 2005 [38] | RCT | 175/182 | 18–65 | 24 | Esc/10 mg/day, Citalopram/20 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS, CGI-I, CGI-S | 132/175/136/182 | - | 31/175/47/182 |
Lepola et al. 2003 [44] | RCT | 156/161 | 18–65 | 8 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Citalopram/20–40 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS |  | 95/156/79/161 | 78/156/63/161 | 10/156/9/161 |
Moore et al. 2005 [47] | RCT | 142/152 | 18–65 | 8 | Esc/20 mg/day, Citalopram/40 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS | 105/142/87/152 | 77/142/62/152 | 10/142/25/152 |
SCT-MD-02 | RCT | 129/128 | 18–80 | 8 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Citalopram/20–40 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS, HAMD | MADRS, HAMD, CGI-I, CGI-S | 55/129/54/128 | 39/129/39/128 | 33/129/29/128 |
Yevtushenko et al. 2007 [56] | RCT | 109/110 | 25–45 | 6 | Esc/10 mg/day, Citalopram/20 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS | 103/109/90/110 | 97/109/55/110 | 1/109/2/110 |
Ou et al. 2011 [49] | RCT | 115/117 | 18–65 | 6 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Citalopram/20–40 mg/day | DSM-IV-TR, HAMD-17 | HAMD-17 | 72.17% (83/115)/74.36% (87/117) | 60.87%(70/115)/56.41%(66/117) | 0/115/0/117 |
Kasper et al. 2005 [42] | RCT | 174/164 |  ≥ 65 | 8 | Esc/10 mg/day, Fluoxetine/20 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS | 79/174/61/164 | 68/174/50/164 | 30/174/47/182 |
Kennedy et al. 2005 [40] | RCT | 102/103 | 18–80 | 8 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Fluoxetine/20–40 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS, HAMD, CGI-I, CGI-S | 66/102/63/103 | 48/102/48/103 | 36/102/26/103 |
Mao et al. 2008 [45] | RCT | 123/117 | 18–65 | 8 | Esc/10 mg/day, Fluoxetine/20 mg/day | CGI-S, DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS | 94/123/89/117 | 64/123/62/117 | 15/123/17/117 |
SCT-MD-09 | RCT | 16/14 | 18–55 | 5 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Fluoxetine/20–40 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS, HAMD | MADRS, HAMD | - | - | 1/16/2/14 |
Baldwin et al. 2006 [34] | RCT | 166/159 | 22–40 | 8 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Paroxetine/20–40 mg/day | MADRS | MADRS, HDRS, CGI-I, CGI-S | 112/166/111/159 | 93/166/97/159 | 15/166/14/159 |
Boulenger et al. 2006 [36] | RCT | 232/227 | 18–75 | 24 | Esc/20 mg/day, Paroxetine/40 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS, HDRS, CGI-I, CGI-S | 188/232/171/227 | - | 47/232/74/227 |
Kishi et al. 2017 [24] | RCT | 43/45 | 20–70 | 24 | Esc/5–20 mg/day, Paroxetine/12.5–50 mg/day | HAMD-17 | HAMD-21, HAMD-17 | 32/43/27/45 | 23/43/20/45 | 24/43/27/45 |
Alexopoulos et al. 2004 [33] | RCT | 136/138 | 18–65 | 8 | Esc/10–20 mg/day, Sertraline/50–200 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS, HDRS, CGI-I, CGI-S | 68/136/76/138 | 48/136/56/138 | 28/136/25/138 |
Ventura et al. 2007 [54] | RCT | 107/108 | 18–80 | 8 | Esc/10 mg/day, Sertraline/ 50–200 mg/day | DSM-IV for MADRS | MADRS, HAMD, CGI-I, CGI-S | 78/107/75/108 | 60/107/62/108 | 19/107/15/108 |