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Table 4 Baseline and follow-up neuropsychological, mood and psychosocial data

From: A feasibility, randomised controlled trial of Club Connect: a group-based healthy brain ageing cognitive training program for older adults with major depression within an older people’s mental health service

 

Club Connect

Control

Overall

Outcome

N

Mean(SD) pre-intervention

Mean(SD) post-intervention

N

Mean(SD) pre-intervention

Mean(SD) post- intervention

F, p-value

Partial Eta Squared

HVLT total learning z-score a

19

-0.06(1.31)

0.96(2.07)

16

-0.26(1.14)

-0.13(1.59)

2.038, 0.163

0.058++

HVLT delay z-score a

18

-0.14(1.29)

0.03(1.28)

16

-1.02(4.70)

-0.12(0.92)

0.443, 0.510

0.014+

HVLT DI z-score a

18

0.19(1.03)

0.26(0.95)

16

0.12(0.86)

-0.03(0.96)

0.680, 0.416

0.021+

RBANS Story I SS b

19

10.79(2.39)

11.68(2.71)

16

10.50(2.42)

11.23(2.87)

0.439, 0.512

0.013+

RBANS Story II SS b

19

10.84(2.65)

11.21(2.49)

16

10.25(2.44)

9.75(2.11)

1.225, 0.276

0.036+

RBANS Figure I SS b

19

11.11(2.47)

8.16(2.97)

16

10.69(3.00)

9.00(2.82)

1.958, 0.171

0.056++

RBANS Figure II SS b

19

9.05(2.74)

8.53(2.29)

16

8.69(3.07)

8.88(1.82)

0.692, 0.412

0.021+

Letter fluency total z-score a

19

0.32(1.25)

0.35(0.97)

16

0.19(1.65)

0.06(1.59)

0.406, 0.529

0.012+

Animal fluency z-score a

19

0.37(1.36)

0.12(1.12)

16

-0.43(1.40)

0.07(1.43)

3.620, 0.066

0.099++

Trails A z-score a

19

0.26(1.01)

0.50(0.99)

16

-0.75(1.85)

-0.54(1.63)

0.000, 0.996

0.000

Trails B z-score a

18

-1.11(2.76)

-0.61(1.64)

12

-0.11(0.97)

-0.74(1.95)

3.398, 0.076

0.108++

Colour Word Interference Test Naming SS c

19

9.58(3.61)

10.37(2.83)

16

8.38(4.05)

8.31(4.22)

1.155, 0.290

0.034+

Colour Word Interference Test Reading SS c

19

10.63(2.77)

10.74(2.58)

16

11.0(9.52)

9.13(3.69)

0.939, 0.340

0.028+

Colour Word Interference Test Inhibition SS c

19

10.37(3.64)

11.63(2.75)

16

9.31(4.05)

8.75(4.55)

8.715, 0.006

0.209+++

Colour Word Interference Test Inhibition Switching SS c

19

12.68(8.35)

11.26(2.33)

14

8.79(3.95)

9.93(3.83)

1.378, 0.249

0.043++

PhQ-9 d

18

8.17(6.94)

6.06(4.33)

15

8.73(4.53)

8.7(7.04)

0.770, 0.387

0.024+

HAM-D d

15

9.13(4.8)

7.87(4.32)

11

8.36(5.24)

12.18(7.28)

4.994, 0.035

0.172+++

DASS Depression d

19

5.80(5.54)

4.05(3.22)

17

5.53(3.39)

6.40(5.4)

2.536, 0.121

0.069++

DASS Anxiety d

19

2.80(2.80)

2.26(1.79)

17

3.24(2.19)

2.65(2.57)

0.007, 0.933

0.000

DASS Stress d

19

5.90(4.97)

3.53(2.93)

17

3.82(3.19)

4.18(3.89)

4.410, 0.043

0.115+++

iADL d

18

7.50(0.92)

7.89(0.32)

17

7.24(1.3)

7.35(1.32)

2.441, 0.127

.067++

PSQI d

19

1.79(1.13)

1.53(1.17)

17

1.30(1.36)

1.47(1.37)

0.485, 0.491

0.014+

BC-CCI d

19

7.05(4.16)

6.47(4.30)

17

9.59(5.03)

9.53(6.76)

0.226, 0.638

0.007

WHO Wellbeing d

19

13.05(5.21)

15.00(5.43)

17

12.59(5.32)

11.82(6.84)

2.482, 0.124

0.068++

WHO-QoL Physical d

19

281.02(43.47)

293.05(35.26)

17

285.08(51.45)

285.08(48.91)

0.603, 0.443

0.017+

WHO-QoL Psychological d

19

275.88(50.76)

283.77(41.27)

17

274.02(39.30)

268.14(41.27)

1.728, 0.197

0.048++

WHO-QoL Social d

19

311.84(72.77)

303.07(84.81)

17

298.53(85.61)

300.49(93.93)

0.357, 0.554

0.010+

WHO-QoL Environment d

19

350.66(49.73)

351.32(49.46)

17

354.41(49.79)

342.65(66.74)

0.842, 0.365

0.024+

  1. a age and educated corrected z-score; b age and educated corrected scaled score; c age corrected scaled score; d total raw score; + indicates small effect size (Hedges’ g < 0.3); ++ indicates medium effect size (Hedges’ g = 0.3–0.6); +++ indicates large to very large effect size (Hedges’ g > 0.6); BC-CCI = British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory; DASS = Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; DI = discrimination index; HAM-D: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HVLT = Hopkins Auditory Verbal Learning Test; iADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale; PhQ-9 = Patient Health Questionairre-9; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; RBANS = Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; SS = scaled score; Qol = Quality of Life; WHO = World Health Organisation