Table 1 Means and standard deviations of major study variables of the MDD group and the HC group

Age (years)

35.34 ± 9.53

32.08 ± 7.76

3.26

0.001

Gender (male/female)

72/96

73/57

4.73

0.035

Education (years)

10.29 ± 3.54

11.94 ± 3.32

-4.10

0.001

HAMD₂₄

31.52 ± 7.40

1.39 ± 1.84

50.84

0.001

HAMA

18.22 ± 6.25

1.13 ± 1.90

33.25

0.001

Episodes

2.08 ± 1.34

—

—

—

Onset age (years)

31.94 ± 10.05

—

—

—

Current history

4.56 ± 8.86

—

—

—

Total history

42.60 ± 51.32

—

—

—

Dysfunctional Attitudes

156.02 ± 28.36

124.03 ± 26.47

9.94

<0.001

A

6.27 ± 2.17

6.36 ± 1.26

-0.46

0.65

B

5.46 ± 2.07

6.15 ± 1.89

-2.97

<0.001

C

3.98 ± 1.88

5.70 ± 1.82

-7.90

<0.001

E

4.65 ± 1.78

5.06 ± 1.42

-2.23

0.03

F

4.67 ± 2.06

6.58 ± 2.08

-7.91

<0.001

G

4.33 ± 1.80

5.16 ± 1.71

-4.05

<0.001

H

5.00 ± 1.46

6.11 ± 1.41

-6.58

<0.001

I

6.27 ± 1.64

6.23 ± 1.57

0.21

0.84

L

5.38 ± 1.59

3.87 ± 1.73

7.85

<0.001

M

4.53 ± 1.54

4.60 ± 1.50

-0.35

0.73

N

5.95 ± 1.41

5.98 ± 1.29

-0.20

0.84

O

7.74 ± 1.71

5.23 ± 1.99

11.67

<0.001

Q1

4.97 ± 1.63

4.90 ± 1.67

0.37

0.71

Q2

5.46 ± 1.85

5.23 ± 1.51

1.22

0.22

Q3

4.63 ± 1.52

5.71 ± 1.32

-6.44

<0.001

Q4

7.14 ± 1.50

4.98 ± 1.85

10.87

<0.001