Table 1 Prevalence of DSM-5 criteria among opiate users with and without opioid use disorder (OUD) and by OUD severity
DSM-5 criteria | Opiate users without OUD (N = 190) | Opioid use disorder | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (N = 261) | Mild (N = 144) | Moderate (N = 71) | Severe (N = 46) | ||
Hazardous use, n (%) | 49 (25.7) | 117 (44.8) | 44 (30.5) | 39 (54.9) | 34 (73.9) |
Social/interpersonal problems related to use, n (%) | 6 (3.1) | 30 (11.4) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (7.0) | 24 (52.1) |
Neglected major roles to use, n (%) | 6 (3.1) | 38 (14.5) | 3 (2.0) | 10 (14.0) | 25 (54.3) |
Withdrawal, n (%) | 92 (48.4) | 246 (94.2) | 133 (92.3) | 69 (97.1) | 44 (95.6) |
Tolerance, n (%) | 18 (9.4) | 52 (19.9) | 8 (5.5) | 19 (26.7) | 25 (54.3) |
Used larger amounts/longer, n (%) | 11 (5.8) | 56 (21.4) | 8 (5.5) | 22 (30.9) | 26 (56.5) |
Repeated attempts to quit/control use, n (%) | 94 (49.4) | 191 (73.4) | 94 (65.2) | 58 (81.6) | 39 (86.6) |
Much time spent using, n (%) | 14 (7.3) | 63 (24.1) | 9 (6.2) | 21 (29.5) | 33 (71.7) |
Physical/psychological problems related to use, n (%) | 6 (3.1) | 34 (13.0) | 5 (3.5) | 12 (16.9) | 17 (36.9) |
Activities given up to use, n (%) | 3 (1.5) | 23 (8.9) | 2 (1.4) | 5 (7.2) | 16 (34.7) |
Craving, n (%) | 30 (15.7) | 149 (57.0) | 55 (38.1) | 52 (73.2) | 42 (91.3) |