Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies
Study (year) | Study setting | Measure | Primary health outcome | Participant mean age (SD/range) | Description of sample (e.g., LGBTIQ status/identification) | Sample size (Experimental group/control group) | Intervention name | Control group | Intervention type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Craig, S. L. (2021) [22] | Canada | BDI-II, PCI-A, RCS, SAMA, HS | Depression, hope, coping, and stress assessment | 22.44 (14–29) | Sexual Minority Adolescents | 138,97/41 | AFFIRM | Waiting | Group intervention, LGB-affirming cognitive behavioral therapy eight times a week for two hours with no follow-up |
Pachankis, J.E. (2015) [32] | America | AUDIT, CESD, ODSIS, OASIS, SCS, SSSE, TLFB, MOGS, GRS, IHP, SOCS, DERS, MSPSS, RAS | Depression, anxiety, distress, and co-occurring health risks (i.e., alcohol use, compulsive sexual behavior, condomless sex) | 26 (18–35) | Gay, Bisexual Cisgender Male | 63,32/31 | ESTEEM | Waiting | Individual intervention, LGB-affirming cognitive behavioral therapy, ten sessions, 3-month follow-up |
Pachankis, J. E. (2020) [33] | America | CES-D, BSI, ODSIS, OASIS… | Depression, anxiety, distress, minority stress, alcohol use | 25.58 (18–35) (3.26) | Sexual Minority Women | 60,30/30 | EQuIP | Waiting | Individuals, LGB-Affirming Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 10 weeks |
Pachankis, J. E. (2020) [23] | America | CESD, BSI, BAI, SIDAS… | Depression, anxiety, painful alcohol use, suicidal ideation, LGBTQ victimization… | 23.68 (18–29) (3.11) | Sexual Minority Adolescents | 72,36/36 | Expressive writing | Conventional treatment | Online, write once a day for 20 min for three consecutive days, in three stages, with a 3-month follow-up |
Antoni, M. H. (2000) [34] | America | HARS, HRSD, DSM-III-R, POMS | Depression, anxiety, and 24-h urinary-free cortisol levels | 36.43 (18—55) | gay or bisexual men living with HIV | 59,40/19 | CBSM | Waiting | Group intervention, 10 weeks |
Antoni, M. H. (2000) [35] | America | HARS, HRSD, DSM-III-R, SCID-NP-HIV, POMS, PSS… | Anxiety, perceived stress, 24-h urinary catecholamine levels, and t-lymphocyte subsets | 35.97 (18–55) | gay or bisexual men living with HIV | 73,47/26 | CBSM | Waiting | Group intervention, 10 weeks |
Blashill, A. J. (2017) [36] | America | BABS, BIDQ, MADRS, GAF, DSM-IV… | body image disturbance, ART compliance, depression (MADRS), and global functioning (GAF) | 46.68 (18–65) (10.51) | gay or bisexual men living with HIV | 44,22/22 | CBT-BISC | Conventional treatment | Individual intervention with weekly meetings over 3 months (12 phases in total). Each duration lasted approximately 50 min with 6-month follow-up |
Carrico, A. W. (2006) [37] | America | POMS, COPE… | Depression, coping strategies, medication adherence… | 18–65 | gay or bisexual men living with HIV | 130,76/54 | CBSM | Conventional treatment | CBSM group intervention. Attendance at 135-min sessions per week for ten weeks, with follow-up from June to December |
Carrico, A. W. (2005) [24] | America | POM, SPS | Depression, perceived social support, and herpesvirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers | 34.9 (6.6) | gay or bisexual men living with HIV and on HAART | 49,31/18 | CBSM | Waiting | CBSM group intervention. Attendance at 135-min sessions per week for ten weeks, with follow-up during 6–12 months |
Carrico, A. W. (2005) [38] | America | LES, BDI, SPS, COPE | Depression, perceived social support | 35.6(7.2) | gay or bisexual men living with HIV | 129,83/46 | CBSM | Conventional treatment | CBSM group intervention. Attended weekly 135-min sessions for ten weeks, with a 6-month follow-up |
Gayner, B. (2012) [39] | Canada | IES, HADS, PANAS, TMS | Depression, anxiety positive emotions, positive thinking | 43.77 (18–70) | gay living with HIV | 117,78/39 | MBSR | Conventional treatment | Eight 3-h group sessions and one day retreat per week, six days per week for eight weeks. six-month follow-up |
Lutgendorf, S. K. (1997) [40] | America | BDI, POMS | Depression, anxiety, physiological indicators | 36.75 (20–49) | gay living with HIV | 40,22/18 | CBSM | Waiting | CBSM group intervention. Attended 135 min of sessions per week for 10 weeks |
Australia | PROQOL-HIV, heiQ, SF-12, DASS, DSSI, MAH | Pain, quality of life | 42.3 (10.4) | gay or MSM living with HIV | 132,68/64 | Positive Outlook Program | Conventional treatment | online self-management group intervention, participants were encouraged to log into the program for approximately 90Â min per week for more than 7Â weeks. 12-week follow-up | |
Williams, J. K. (2013) [43] | America | CSA, PDS, BDI-II | Depression, PTSD, sexual risk behavior…stress biomarkers | 46.6(8.3) | African American bisexual men or MSMW living with HIV | 88,44/44 | ES-HIM | Conventional treatment | 6 group sessions lasting 2 h each over 3 weeks with 6-month follow-up |