Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of male and female patients with and without cognitive dysfunction
Variable | Male | Female | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients with cognitive dysfunction (N = 145) | Patients without cognitive dysfunction (N = 234) | F/χ2/Z | q value | Patients with cognitive dysfunction (N = 78) | Patients without cognitive dysfunction (N = 97) | F/χ2/Z | q value | |
Age | 52(42.5 ~ 59) | 45(34 ~ 54) | -4.70 | < 0.001 | 47(38 ~ 56.25) | 41(31.5 ~ 50) | -3.27 | < 0.01 |
Duration of disorder, years | 25(16 ~ 32.5) | 19(10 ~ 29) | -3.71 | < 0.001 | 21(11.75 ~ 33) | 14(10.5 ~ 22.5) | -3.37 | < 0.01 |
Years of education | 9(8 ~ 11) | 8(8 ~ 11) | -1.18 | 0.33 | 8(6.75 ~ 11) | 8(8 ~ 12) | -1.10 | 0.47 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.24(21.30 ~ 26.20) | 24.23(21.63 ~ 26.81) | -0.53 | 0.66 | 24.65(21.88 ~ 27.54) | 25.15(22.23 ~ 28.49) | -0.79 | 0.59 |
Total dose of antipsychotic medication, mg | 280(150 ~ 400) | 250(150 ~ 360) | -1.21 | 0.32 | 225(120 ~ 385) | 200(105 ~ 350) | -0.81 | 0.59 |
Types of antipsychotic drugs | 1(1 ~ 2) | 1(1 ~ 2) | -0.23 | 0.82 | 2(1 ~ 2) | 2(1 ~ 2) | -0.06 | 0.95 |
PANSS positive subscale score | 16(13 ~ 19) | 14(12 ~ 18) | -2.43 | 0.03 | 18(14 ~ 22) | 16(12 ~ 19) | -2.85 | 0.01 |
PANSS negative subscale score | 23(18 ~ 27.5) | 19(16 ~ 22) | -5.46 | < 0.001 | 24(20.75 ~ 30) | 18(15 ~ 24) | -5.10 | < 0.001 |
PANSS general psychopathology subscale score | 42(37 ~ 45.5) | 37(32 ~ 43) | -5.37 | < 0.001 | 44.35 ± 9.18 | 38.30 ± 9.07 | 0.32 | < 0.001 |
PANSS total score | 81(72 ~ 90) | 71(62 ~ 81) | -5.93 | < 0.001 | 87.5(74.5 ~ 102.25) | 73(61 ~ 86) | -4.94 | < 0.001 |
IRI score | 84(71 ~ 96) | 87(78 ~ 96) | -1.45 | 0.22 | 86.55 ± 13.55 | 88.95 ± 14.27 | 0.79 | 0.47 |
PT perspective taking | 21(17 ~ 25) | 23(19 ~ 26) | -2.88 | < 0.01 | 21.97 ± 5.34 | 22.88 ± 5.09 | 0.01 | 0.47 |
FS fantasy | 19.82 ± 6.57 | 20.10 ± 5.28 | 11.30 | 0.71 | 19(15 ~ 25) | 20(17 ~ 26) | -1.37 | 0.35 |
EC empathic concern | 23(18.5 ~ 25) | 23(19 ~ 26) | -1.62 | 0.17 | 23.5(20 ~ 26.25) | 24(20 ~ 27) | -0.44 | 0.72 |
PD personal distress | 21(17 ~ 24) | 21(18 ~ 24) | -0.29 | 0.79 | 22(18 ~ 25) | 22(18 ~ 25.5) | -0.29 | 0.80 |
TAS score | 58.99 ± 9.67 | 55.79 ± 8.99 | 0.31 | < 0.01 | 55.27 ± 8.59 | 54.29 ± 10.68 | 2.57 | 0.63 |
F1 emotion discrimination | 21(17 ~ 25) | 19(15 ~ 23) | -2.29 | 0.04 | 17(15 ~ 23) | 17(14.5 ~ 22) | -0.29 | 0.80 |
F2 emotion description | 15(12 ~ 18) | 14(12 ~ 17) | -0.86 | 0.46 | 13.95 ± 3.81 | 14.78 ± 3.79 | 0.02 | 0.33 |
F3 extraversion thinking | 23(21 ~ 26) | 22(20 ~ 24) | -3.30 | < 0.01 | 22(20 ~ 26) | 21(18 ~ 24) | -2.73 | 0.02 |
FERS score | 27(20 ~ 33) | 32(27 ~ 37) | -6.05 | < 0.001 | 23.95 ± 8.63 | 32.48 ± 7.29 | 0.84 | < 0.001 |
Fear | 5(4 ~ 7) | 6(4 ~ 10) | -4.00 | < 0.001 | 4(1.75 ~ 7) | 6(4 ~ 9) | -3.31 | < 0.01 |
Anger | 6(4 ~ 8) | 7(5 ~ 10) | -3.63 | < 0.001 | 5.5(3 ~ 8) | 7(5 ~ 9) | -3.90 | < 0.001 |
Joy | 6(4 ~ 9) | 7(5 ~ 9) | -3.44 | < 0.01 | 6.5(4 ~ 10) | 8(6 ~ 10.5) | -1.77 | 0.18 |
Neutrality | 9(6 ~ 12) | 11(9 ~ 13) | -4.03 | < 0.001 | 8(2 ~ 11) | 10(9 ~ 13) | -5.23 | < 0.001 |
ISI score | 2(1 ~ 4) | 1(0 ~ 4) | -2.30 | 0.04 | 2(1 ~ 5) | 1(0 ~ 4) | -1.90 | 0.15 |
BSI score | 10(10 ~ 12) | 10(10 ~ 41) | -2.00 | 0.08 | 10(10 ~ 14.5) | 10(10 ~ 29) | -0.576 | 0.66 |
Suicidal tendency | 4.13 | 0.08 | 0.85 | 0.56 | ||||
Yes, n (%) | 33(22.8%) | 76(32.5%) | 23(29.5%) | 35(36.1%) | ||||
No, n (%) | 112(77.2%) | 158(67.5%) | 55(70.5%) | 62(63.9%) | ||||
Diabetes | 0.34 | 0.64 | 1.04 | 0.51 | ||||
Yes, n (%) | 19(13.1%) | 26(11.1%) | 13(16.7%) | 11(11.3%) | ||||
No, n (%) | 126(86.9%) | 208(88.9%) | 65(83.3%) | 86(88.7%) | ||||
Hypertension | 1.17 | 0.34 | 0.65 | 0.59 | ||||
Yes, n (%) | 23(15.9%) | 28(12.0%) | 13(16.7%) | 12(12.4%) | ||||
No, n (%) | 122(84.1%) | 206(88.0%) | 65(83.3%) | 85(87.6%) | ||||
Family history | 1.32 | 0.33 | 0.51 | 0.60 | ||||
Yes, n (%) | 13(9.0%) | 30(12.8%) | 18(23.1%) | 27(27.8%) | ||||
No, n (%) | 132(91.0%) | 204(87.2%) | 60(76.9%) | 70(72.2%) | ||||
Smoking history | -1.09 | 0.34 | -0.55 | 0.66 | ||||
Never, n (%) | 61(42.1%) | 82(35.0%) | 74(94.9%) | 90(92.8%) | ||||
Past smoking, n (%) | 24(16.5%) | 47(20.1%) | 3(3.8%) | 6(6.2%) | ||||
Current smoking, n (%) | 60(41.4%) | 105(44.9%) | 1(1.3%) | 1(1.0%) | ||||
Marital status | 5.70 | 0.20 | 2.66 | 0.59 | ||||
Unmarried, n (%) | 97(66.9%) | 171(73.0%) | 27(34.6%) | 42(43.3%) | ||||
Married, n (%) | 26(17.9%) | 28(12.0%) | 26(33.4%) | 34(35.0%) | ||||
Divorced, n (%) | 22(15.2%) | 32(13.7%) | 21(26.9%) | 18(18.6%) | ||||
Widowed, n (%) | 0 | 3(1.3%) | 4(5.1%) | 3(3.1%) | ||||