Table 3 Subgroup analysis by sex in dizziness

Demographic data

Age

40–49

1

1

50–59

0.96 (0.62–1.49)

0.870

1.18 (0.8–1.74)

0.392

60–69

0.96 (0.59–1.56)

0.877

0.94 (0.63–1.41)

0.781

70–79

2.04 (1.14–3.63)

0.016

0.67 (0.37–1.23)

0.197

≥ 80

2.29 (1.03–5.06)

0.041

0.74 (0.28–1.95)

0.542

Household income

Lower

1.13 (0.67–1.91)

0.655

0.98 (0.59–1.62)

0.930

Lower-middle

0.92 (0.59–1.45)

0.731

1.11 (0.77–1.6)

0.579

Upper-middle

0.93 (0.63–1.35)

0.687

0.96 (0.7–1.32)

0.818

Upper

1

1

Education

Elementary school and below

1.28 (0.75–2.18)

0.368

1.39 (0.8–2.4)

0.239

Middle school

1.83 (1.05–3.17)

0.032

0.82 (0.52–1.29)

0.380

High school

1.32 (0.93–1.87)

0.124

0.75 (0.53–1.07)

0.110

University or above

1

1

Physical examination

Serum TG level

<150 mg/dL

1

1

≥150 mg/dL

1.01 (0.74–1.4)

0.929

0.87 (0.62–1.23)

0.430

Comorbidity

Hypertension

0.92 (0.66–1.28)

0.615

1.11 (0.83–1.5)

0.474

Arthritis

1.27 (0.69–2.35)

0.436

1.59 (1.12–2.27)

0.010

Health behavior

Smoking

Never smoker

1

1

Former

1.25 (0.81–1.92)

0.317

1.15 (0.68–1.93)

0.601

Current

1.09 (0.66–1.81)

0.727

1.81 (1.03–3.17)

0.040

Alcohol consumption, more than once per month

0.71 (0.51–0.99)

0.042

0.95 (0.73–1.25)

0.738

Sleep hours

≤5 h

0.82 (0.53–1.28)

0.392

1.32 (0.94–1.85)

0.113

≤ 6 h

0.89 (0.56–1.41)

0.610

1.04 (0.74–1.48)

0.815

≤ 7 h

1

1

≤8 h

1.09 (0.67–1.78)

0.725

1.4 (0.95–2.07)

0.088

≥9 h

0.72 (0.34–1.53)

0.395

0.68 (0.32–1.41)

0.295

Functional status

Limited functional status due to visual acuity

No limitation

1

1

Limitation due to visual acuity

0.49 (0.05–5.05)

0.551

0.38 (0.06–2.45)

0.308

Limitation but no due to visual acuity

1.29 (0.75–2.21)

0.352

1.12 (0.66–1.88)

0.677

Activity of daily living

No difficulties in ADL

1

1

Partial difficulties in ADL

1.73 (0.92–3.25)

0.088

0.88 (0.49–1.56)

0.658

Cannot do ADL

1.87 (0.16–21.16)

0.613

0.76 (0.08–7.55)

0.811

Psychological variable

Stress

None

1

1

Little

1.39 (0.84–2.32)

0.201

1.59 (1.06–2.39)

0.027

Much

2.19 (1.24–3.87)

0.007

1.97 (1.25–3.09)

0.003

Very much

1.51 (0.63–3.61)

0.351

0.97 (0.5–1.89)

0.924

Anxiety/Depression

None

1

Much

1.29 (0.74–2.23)

0.364

1.31 (0.86–1.97)

0.205

Very much

0.37 (0.03–5.32)

0.464

1.49 (0.32-7)

0.612

Depression (PHQ-9 total score)

1.1 (1.04–1.16)

0.001

1.07 (1.02–1.12)

0.004