Table 3 Factors associated with depressive disorder in the Community of Kersa, Haramaya, and Harar Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Eastern Ethiopia, 2022 (N = 1411)

Residency

Rural

82

838

3.91(2.11, 7.23)

4.25(1.99, 9.05)

< 0.001

Urban

12

479

1

1

1

Family history of illness?

Yes

32

156

3.84(2.43, 6.07)

2.24(1.20, 4.18)

0.011

No

62

1317

1

1

Having a history of chronic medical illness?

Yes

31

150

3.83(2.41, 6.08)

3.73(2.03, 6.79)

< 0.001

No

63

1167

1

1

Occupation

Employed

45

593

1

1

Farmer/housewife

15

443

0.45(0.25, 0.81)

0.84(0.37, 1.89)

0.676

Unemployed

34

281

1.59(0.99, 2.54)

2.73(1.39, 5.34)

0.003

Educational status

Unable to read and write

46

446

1.89(1.12, 3.21)

4.44(2.27, 8.68)

< 0.001

1-8th grade

16

188

1.57(0.80, 3.05)

2.102(0.97, 4.58)

0.062

9th -12th grade

10

278

0.66(3.9, 1.42)

0.78(0.27, 1.69)

0.126

Diploma and above

22

405

1

1

1

Marital status

Single

20

274

1.48(0.64, 3.25)

0.371

Divorced/widowed

35

249

2.28(1.15, 4.53)

0.018

Married

39

794

1

1

1

Age

≤ 30

1.49(0.85, 2.59)

1.01(0.39, 2.58)

0.982

31–40

2.86(1.77, 4.62)

1.56(0.65, 3.77)

0.317

41–50

0.05(0.63, 1.24)

1.40(0.53, 3.73)

0.498

≥ 51

1

1

1

Social support

Poor

54

494

5.68(2.03, 15.89)

4.07(1.36, 12.21)

0.012

Moderate

36

615

3.049(1.07, 8.65)

1.85(0.59, 5.82)

0.296

Strong

4

208

1

1

1

Current use of alcohol

Yes

24

101

4.13(2.49, 6.85)

4.05(2.06, 7.96)

> 0.001

No

70

1216

1

1

1

Current use of khat

Yes

68

678

2.47 (1.55, 3.92)

2.01(1.09, 3.70)

0.025

No

26

639

1

1

1