Table 4 Results of univariable and multivariable analyses on student characteristics and depression

District

North

499 (80.0%)

125 (20.0%)

0.002

-

-

Middle

264 (70.2%)

112 (29.8%)

0.002

1.7 (1.2–2.3)

South

105 (75.0%)

35 (25.0%)

0.088

1.5 (0.94 − 2.4)

Gender

Male

217 (81.3%)

50 (18.7%)

0.025

-

-

Female

651 (74.6%)

222 (25.4%)

0.003

2 (1.3–3.1)

Grade

10th Grade

453 (80.7%)

108 (19.3%)

0.001

-

-

11th Grade

415 (71.7%)

164 (28.3%)

0.001

1.7 (1.3–2.2)

Field (for 11th grade)

Scientific

248 (70.9%)

102 (29.1%)

Art

117 (73.6%)

42 (26.4%)

0.810

Others

45 (72.6%)

17 (27.4%)

Academic performance

Excellent (90–100)

431 (81.2%)

100 (18.8%)

-

-

Very good (80–89)

233 (75.6%)

75 (24.4%)

< 0.001

0.011

1.6 (1.1–2.3)

Good (70–79)

134 (72.4%)

51 (27.6%)

0.001

2 (1.3-3)

Intermediate or acceptable (< 70)

70 (60.3%)

46 (39.7%)

< 0.001

3.4 (2.1–5.4)

Smoking

Yes

81 (66.4%)

41 (33.6%)

0.008

0.038

1.7 (1.0-2.8)

No

787 (77.3%)

231 (22.7%)

-

-

Duration of exercise

< 1 h per week

492 (74.9%)

165 (25.1%)

0.526

0.85 (0.52 − 1.4)

1–2 h per week

216 (79.4%)

56 (20.6%)

0.493

0.235

0.72 (0.41 − 1.2)

2–3 h per week

75 (77.3%)

22 (22.7%)

0.925

0.99 (0.5-1.9)

> 3 h per week

85 (74.6%)

29 (25.4%)

-

-

Duration of devices use

< 1 h per day

88 (79.3%)

23 (20.7%)

0.064

0.62 (0.37 − 1.0)

1–2 h per day

172 (83.9%)

33 (16.1%)

0.001

0.49 (0.32-0.75)

2–3 h per day

226 (82.8%)

47 (17.2%)

< 0.001

0.001

0.52 (0.35-0.75)

> 3 h per day

382 (69.3%)

169 (30.7%)

-

-