Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics
From: Assessment of sleep disturbance in patients with Wilson’s disease
Controls | Patients | P | NV | NNV | P# | P## | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (male/female) | 25/15 | 27/15 | 1 | 19/8 | 8/7 | 0.566 | 0.442 |
Age (years) | 26 (21, 33) | 26 (22.5, 33) | 0.950 | 27.15 ± 7.06 | 29.27 ± 9.08 | 0.865 | 0.406 |
Disease duration (years) | - | 5 (2, 13.25) | - | 5 (3, 14) | 5 (1, 8) | - | 0.222 |
UWDRS | - | 10.5 (4, 39.25) | - | 30 (10, 46) | 3 (0, 5) | - | < 0.001 |
PDSS items | |||||||
Quality of sleep (PDSS1) | 9 (8, 10) | 8 (6, 9.25) | 0.082 | 8 (5, 9) | 9 (8, 10) | 0.041 | 0.069 |
difficulty falling asleep (PDSS2) | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (8.75, 10) | 0.003 | 10 (9, 10) | 10 (8, 10) | 0.013 | 0.903 |
difficulty staying asleep (PDSS3) | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (9.75, 10) | 0.004 | 10 (8, 10) | 10 (10, 10) | 0.001 | 0.030 |
Restlessness of legs (PDSS4) | 10 (8, 10) | 10 (10, 10) | 0.077 | 10 (9, 10) | 10 (10, 10) | 0.144 | 0.335 |
Fidgety in bed (PDSS5) | 9 (8, 10) | 9 (8, 10) | 0.055 | 8 (5, 10) | 9 (8, 10) | 0.046 | 0.112 |
Distressing dreams (PDSS6) | 9.5 (8, 10) | 10 (8.75, 10) | 0.942 | 10 (8, 10) | 9 (9, 10) | 0.990 | 0.832 |
Hallucination at night (PDSS7) | 9 (9, 10) | 9 (7.75, 10) | 0.052 | 9 (6, 10) | 9 (8, 10) | 0.111 | 0.364 |
Nycturia (PDSS8) | 9 (8.25, 10) | 9 (5.75, 10) | 0.334 | 9 (5, 10) | 9 (7, 10) | 0.407 | 0.470 |
Urine incontinence (PDSS9) | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (10, 10) | 0.241 | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (10, 10) | 0.044 | 0.294 |
Numbness/tingling in legs (PDSS10) | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (9, 10) | 0.050 | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (9, 10) | 0.037 | 0.165 |
Nocturnal cramps (PDSS11) | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (10, 10) | 0.056 | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (9, 10) | 0.139 | 0.726 |
Painful posturing (PDSS 12) | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (10, 10) | 0.447 | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (10, 10) | 0.662 | 0.413 |
Tremor on wakening (PDSS13) | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (10, 10) | 0.036 | 10 (10, 10) | 10 (10, 10) | 0.082 | 0.770 |
Sleep refreshment (PDSS14) | 8 (5.25, 10) | 8 (5, 10) | 0.224 | 8 (5, 10) | 8 (5, 10) | 0.450 | 0.756 |
Daytime dosing (PDSS15) | 8 (8, 9.75) | 8 (7, 10) | 0.893 | 8 (7, 10) | 9 (7, 10) | 0.865 | 0.648 |
PDSS | 135 (126, 141) | 142 (134, 145) | 0.001 | 132 (124, 138) | 136 (130, 142) | 0.002 | 0.133 |
PSQI | 4 (3, 5) | 5 (4, 7) | < 0.001 | 6 (4, 8) | 4 (3, 6) | < 0.001 | 0.023 |
ESS | 4 (2, 4) | 5 (3.75, 8) | 0.044 | 5.37 ± 3.14 | 5.67 ± 3.29 | 0.128 | 0.775 |
HAMA | 1 (0, 1) | 4 (2, 7) | < 0.001 | 4 (3, 8) | 2 (1, 4) | < 0.001 | 0.031 |
HAMD | 1 (0, 2) | 5 (3, 8) | < 0.001 | 7 (4, 10) | 3 (2, 6) | < 0.001 | 0.048 |