Effect of three modalities on emergence agitation among post-traumatic stress disorder patients undergoing laparoscopy: a randomized controlled study

Table 5 Riker sedation–agitation scores measurements of female patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery

	Group 1 (*n =* 36)		Group 2 (*n =* 36)		Group 3 (*n =* 36)		Group 4 (*n =* 36)		χ²	p
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Riker's = Emergence Agitation (EA)
1 Unarousable	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	90.196^a	^MCp <0.001^a
2 Very sedated	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	2.8	0	0.0
3 Sedated	5	13.9	6	16.7	7	19.4	0	0.0
4 Calm and co-operative	29	80.6	29	80.6	28	77.8	6	16.7
5 Agitated	2	5.6	1	2.8	0	0.0	21	58.3
6 Very agitated	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	9	25.0
7 Dangerous agitation	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
< 4= Non-agitated	34	94.4	35	97.2	36	100.0	6	16.7	99.499^a	<0.001^a
≥ 4= Agitated ®	2	5.6	1	2.8	0	0.0	30	83.3	99.499^a	<0.001^a
OR (LL – UL 95% C.I)	85 (15.938 – 453.307)		175 (19.932–1536.448)		–
p	<0.001^a		<0.001^a		–

Group 1: Relaxation technique (breathing and muscle contraction/relaxation exercises)
Group 2: Ketamine intravenous injection
Group 3: Relaxation technique and Ketamine intravenous injection
Group 4: Control group
χ² Chi square test, MC Monte Carlo, OR Odd`s ratio, C.I Confidence interval, LL Lower limit, UL Upper Limit, p: p value for comparing between the studied four groups
^aStatistically significant at p ≤ 0.05

ISSN: 1471-244X