Comorbidity of behavioral problems and parental acceptance-rejection in children diagnosed with chest discomfort, palpitations, vasovagal syncope, and underlying heart disease: a multiple case-control study

Table 2 Baseline characteristics, n = 316

	Control (n = 57)	Palpitation (n = 73)	Chest Pain (n = 70)	Vasovagal Syncope (n = 55)	Underlying heart conditions (n = 61)	p
Child’s age, yrs	12.8 ± 2.4	12.6 ± 3.1	12.4 ± 3.0	12.8 ± 2.7	13.1 ± 2.8	0.741*
Child’s age < 12 yrs	24.6	38.4	40.0	29.1	24.6	0.157**
Sex, male	57.9	45.2	40.0	41.8	49.2	0.301**
Child number	3.0 ± 1.0	3.5 ± 1.3	3.4 ± 1.4	3.4 ± 1.4	3.7 ± 1.5	0.087*
Parent filling out the form, mother	40.4	49.3	58.6	60.0	55.7	0.185
Mother age, yrs	37.7 ± 4.4	38.7 ± 7.0	40.0 ± 5.6	39.2 ± 5.7	39.8 ± 4.2	0.142*
Father age, yrs	41.2 ± 4.8	42.5 ± 6.7	43.2 ± 4.9	43.1 ± 5.6	44.2 ± 4.9	0.056*
Age of parent filling out the form	39.8 ± 4.6	40.3 ± 6.8	41.3 ± 5.7	40.5 ± 6.0	41.7 ± 4.8	0.315*
Mother’s education ≥ high school	28.9	17.8	11.4	12.7	14.8	0.058**
Father’s education ≥ high school	52.6^a	27.4^b	30.0^b	25.5^b	27.9^b	0.009**
Education of parent filling out the form ≥high school	43.9^a	24.7^b	20.0^b	20.0^b	21.3^b	0.013**
Mother’s having a job	12.3	16.4	5.7	7.3	8.2	0.221**

Values were mean ± SD or %
*One-way Anova
**Chi-square test, groups that made differences were identified with residual analysis and Bonferroni correction; ^abDifferent letter in the same row showed significant differences between values (p < 0.05)

ISSN: 1471-244X