Table 1 Basic and clinical characteristics of study subjects in the reviewed studies
From: Adiponectin blood levels and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review
References | Age in years (mean ± SD) | Sample size | Gender (M/F) | Study design | Adiponectin Levels in µ/ml (mean ± SD range) | Adiponectin levels and ASD | Adiponectin levels and autistic symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fujita-Shimizu et al. 2010 [29] | Autism 11.6 ± 2.9 HC 12.1 ± 2.4 | 31 Autism; 31 HC | Autism:31/0 HC: 31/0 | CS | Autism 11.0 ± 4.0 HC 14.5 ± 5.3 | Inverse association between adiponectin levels and ASD (p < 0.005) | Inverse association between adiponectin levels and domain A scores on ADI-R |
Blardi et al. 2010 [31] | Autism 14.1 ± 5.4 HC age matched | 35 Autism 35 HC | Autism 21/14 HC: gender matched | PROS | Autism 10.3 ± 4.5 HC 9.9 ± 3.1 | No significant differences between groups. | NA |
Essa et al. 2011 [32] | Autism 3–10 years HC age matched | 19 Autism 19 HC | Autism 15/4 HC: 10/9 | CS | Autism (13.17 ± 0.54) HC (18.29 ± 0.65) | A significant inverse relationship between blood adiponectin and autism (p < 0.0001). | NA |
Rodrigues et al. 2014 [33] | NA, age matched groups | 30 autism 19 HC | N/A | CS | Autism (12.198 ± 3.78) HC (12.907 ± 1.22). | -No significant relationship between autism and adiponectin levels | Inverse correlation between adiponectin levels and SRS scores. |
Raghavan et al. 2019 [35] | NA | ASD = 55 HC = 792 | Autism 40/15 HC 337/445 | PROS | -Autism (10.11 ± 73.59) HC (10.67 ± 62.15) -Cord adiponectin levels Autism 15.80 (10.84) HC 11.37 (88.27) | -Only cord adiponectin levels inversely correlated with autism risk (p < 0.001) -Early childhood levels significant after controlling for confounders (p < 0.02) | NA |
Quan et al. 2021 [36] | ASD 4.3(1.2) HC 4.3(1.2) | 88 ASD 88 HC | ASD: 68/20 HC: 68/20 | CS | ASD (9.01 ± 2.19) HC (11.55 ± 2.32) | Inverse correlation between adiponectin levels and autism (p < 0.001) and severity of autism scores (p < 0.001) | Negative correlation between adiponectin levels and scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale |