Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (N = 18,439)
Characteristic | Overall | Sugar intake quartiles, g/d | P—value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | |||
(< 57.47 g/d) | (≥ 57.47 to < 93.42 g/d) | (≥ 93.42 to < 141.76 g/d) | (≥ 141.76 g/d) | |||
Sample size, n (%) | 18,439 (100) | 4610 (25.00) | 4607 (24.99) | 4612 (25.01) | 4610 (25.00) | |
Age, y, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
20 to < 45 | 7662 (41.55) | 1666 (36.14) | 1762 (38.25) | 1910 (41.41) | 2324 (50.41) | |
45 to < 60 | 4528 (24.56) | 1120 (24.30) | 1092 (23.70) | 1160 (25.15) | 1156 (25.08) | |
≥ 60 | 6249 (33.89) | 1824 (39.57) | 1753 (38.05) | 1542 (33.43) | 1130 (24.51) | |
Sex, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Male | 9073 (49.21) | 1991 (43.19) | 1963 (42.61) | 2291 (49.67) | 2828 (61.34) | |
Female | 9366 (50.79) | 2619 (56.81) | 2644 (57.39) | 2321 (50.33) | 1782 (38.66) | |
Educational level, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
< High school | 3804 (20.64) | 1109 (24.06) | 908 (19.73) | 877 (19.03) | 910 (19.74) | |
Completed high school | 4159 (22.57) | 976 (21.18) | 1008 (21.90) | 1044 (22.65) | 1131 (24.53) | |
> High school | 10,468 (56.80) | 2524 (54.76) | 2687 (58.37) | 2688 (58.32) | 2569 (55.73) | |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Non-Hispanic White | 7151 (38.78) | 1674 (36.31) | 1723 (37.40) | 1804 (39.12) | 1950 (42.30) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 4196 (22.76) | 995 (21.58) | 980 (21.27) | 1066 (23.11) | 1155 (25.05) | |
Mexican American | 2475 (13.42) | 573 (12.43) | 660 (14.33) | 651 (14.12) | 591 (12.82) | |
Other Hispanic | 1886 (10.23) | 472 (10.24) | 491 (10.66) | 482 (10.45) | 441 (9.57) | |
Other Races | 2731 (14.81) | 896 (19.44) | 753 (16.34) | 609 (13.20) | 473 (10.26) | |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.040 | |||||
Married/living with partner | 10,804 (58.62) | 2695 (58.51) | 2746 (59.63) | 2737 (59.38) | 2626 (56.96) | |
Widowed/ divorced/ separated/ never married | 7626 (41.38) | 1911 (41.49) | 1859 (40.37) | 1872 (40.62) | 1984 (43.04) | |
PIR, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
< 1.00 | 3580 (21.28) | 946 (22.72) | 826 (19.77) | 783 (18.46) | 1025 (24.18) | |
1.00 to < 2.00 | 4511 (26.82) | 1074 (25.80) | 1094 (26.19) | 1139 (26.86) | 1204 (28.40) | |
≥ 2.00 | 8729 (51.90) | 2143 (51.48) | 2257 (54.03) | 2319 (54.68) | 2010 (47.42) | |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 29.47 (7.15) | 29.55 (7.21) | 29.32 (6.91) | 29.56 (7.25) | 29.47 (7.21) | 0.520 |
Smoking status, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Never smoking | 10,431 (56.60) | 2621 (56.89) | 2730 (59.30) | 2712 (58.83) | 2368 (51.40) | |
Former smoker | 4402 (23.89) | 1148 (24.92) | 1154 (25.07) | 1113 (24.14) | 987 (21.42) | |
Current smoker | 3595 (19.51) | 838 (18.19) | 720 (15.64) | 785 (17.03) | 1252 (27.18) | |
Alcohol status, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Never drinking | 2527 (14.47) | 741 (17.04) | 683 (15.65) | 602 (13.75) | 501 (11.45) | |
Former drinker | 2371 (13.58) | 545 (12.53) | 608 (13.94) | 575 (13.13) | 643 (14.70) | |
Current drinker | 12,566 (71.95) | 3062 (70.42) | 3072 (70.41) | 3201 (73.12) | 3231 (73.85) | |
HTN, n (%) | 8087 (43.81) | 2249 (48.79) | 2052 (44.54) | 1981 (42.95) | 1796 (38.96) | < 0.001 |
DM, n (%) | 3625 (19.88) | 1207 (26.41) | 1019 (22.31) | 788 (17.30) | 611 (13.45) | < 0.001 |
CVD, n (%) | 2003 (10.86) | 613 (13.30) | 489 (10.61) | 499 (10.82) | 402 (8.72) | < 0.001 |
Energy intake, kcal/day, mean (SD) | 2115.88 (1003.95) | 1455.51 (683.47) | 1801.53 (661.85) | 2199.02 (734.81) | 3007.22 (1188.26) | < 0.001 |
Physical activity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Inactive | 9339 (50.65) | 2422 (52.54) | 2293 (49.77) | 2270 (49.22) | 2354 (51.06) | |
Moderate | 4745 (25.73) | 1215 (26.36) | 1223 (26.55) | 1203 (26.08) | 1104 (23.95) | |
Vigorous | 1400 (7.59) | 323 (7.01) | 345 (7.49) | 359 (7.78) | 373 (8.09) | |
Both moderate and vigorous | 2955 (16.03) | 650 (14.10) | 746 (16.19) | 780 (16.91) | 779 (16.90) | |