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Table 4 ANCOVA and post-hoc group comparisons of psychological correlates of NSSI (n = 85)

From: Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury: comparisons of the psychological correlates and suicidal presentations across diagnostic subgroups

 

F

Comparison

Mean difference

S.E.

95% CI

CES-DC

26.86***

B vs. A

18.48***

3.15

10.98, 25.97

C vs. A

22.25***

3.91

12.95, 31.56

C vs. B

3.78

3.09

-3.58, 11.13

Somatic complaints

13.60***

B vs. A

5.88***

1.36

2.66, 9.11

C vs. A

6.53***

1.68

2.52, 10.53

C vs. B

0.64

1.33

-2.52, 3.81

Depressed affect

26.62***

B vs. A

7.85***

1.33

4.67, 11.02

C vs. A

9.58***

1.66

5.64, 13.52

C vs. B

1.73

1.31

-1.38, 4.84

Lack of positive affect

13.89***

B vs. A

2.66***

0.67

1.06, 4.26

C vs. A

3.16***

0.83

1.18, 5.15

C vs. B

0.50

0.66

-1.07, 2.07

Interpersonal difficulties

15.20***

B vs. A

2.09***

0.50

0.90, 3.28

C vs. A

2.99***

0.62

1.51, 4.47

C vs. B

0.90

0.49

-0.27, 2.07

DERS-16

23.65***

B vs. A

23.62***

4.13

13.81, 33.43

C vs. A

27.43***

5.10

15.30, 39.56

C vs. B

3.81

3.90

-5.46, 13.08

Lack of emotional clarity

8.52***

B vs. A

2.24**

0.72

0.52, 3.95

C vs. A

3.10**

0.89

0.98, 5.22

C vs. B

0.86

0.68

-0.76, 2.48

Inability to engage in goal directed behaviors

25.61***

B vs. A

4.69***

0.76

2.88, 6.50

C vs. A

5.07***

0.94

2.83, 7.31

C vs. B

0.38

0.72

-1.33, 2.09

Difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors

11.07***

B vs. A

4.46***

1.07

1.91, 7.01

C vs. A

4.66**

1.33

1.50, 7.81

C vs. B

0.20

1.01

-2.21, 2.61

Limited access to emotion regulation strategies

21.46***

B vs. A

8.08***

1.48

4.55, 11.61

C vs. A

9.18***

1.84

4.81, 13.54

C vs. B

1.10

1.40

-2.24, 4.43

Nonacceptance of negative emotions

11.82***

B vs. A

4.15***

1.09

1.57, 6.73

C vs. A

5.43***

1.34

2.24, 8.62

C vs. B

1.28

1.03

-1.16, 3.71

ATQ

34.01***

B vs. A

45.82***

7.09

28.93, 62.70

C vs. A

58.98***

8.72

38.22, 79.75

C vs. B

13.17

6.90

-3.25, 29.59

RRS

19.07***

B vs. A

19.04***

3.99

9.54, 28.54

C vs. A

26.87***

5.09

14.78, 38.97

C vs. B

7.84

4.04

-1.77, 17.44

Brooding

21.10***

B vs. A

7.33***

1.41

3.98, 10.67

C vs. A

9.47***

1.79

5.21, 13.73

C vs. B

2.14

1.42

-1.24, 5.52

Reflective pondering

4.68*

B vs. A

2.87

1.47

-0.62, 6.36

C vs. A

5.37*

1.87

0.93, 9.82

C vs. B

2.51

1.48

-1.02, 6.04

Depressive rumination

21.25***

B vs. A

8.85***

1.73

4.74, 12.95

C vs. A

12.03***

2.20

6.80, 17.26

C vs. B

3.19

1.75

-0.96, 7.34

PSS-10

9.40***

B vs. A

4.24*

1.68

0.24, 8.25

C vs. A

8.20***

2.11

3.18, 13.21

C vs. B

3.95*

1.65

0.03, 7.87

Perceived helplessness

8.66***

B vs. A

3.53*

1.32

0.40, 6.66

C vs. A

6.05**

1.65

2.13, 9.97

C vs. B

2.53

1.29

-0.54, 5.59

Perceived self-efficacy

1.83

B vs. A

0.72

0.98

-1.62, 3.06

C vs. A

2.14

1.23

-0.79, 5.08

C vs. B

1.43

0.97

-0.87, 3.72

  1. Sex and age are covariates in all comparisons
  2. Notes. *p <.05; **p <.01; ***p <.001; adjusted p-values were used for group comparisons
  3. A = NSSI+/depression-/PTSD- (n = 14); B = NSSI+/depression+/PTSD- (n = 57); C = NSSI+/depression+/PTSD+ (n = 14)
  4. CES-DC: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children; DERS: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; ATQ: The Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire; RRS: The Ruminative Response Scale; PSS: Perceived Stress Scale
  5. n = 82 for CES-DC, its subscales, and ATQ; n = 84 for DERS-16, RRS, and their subscales; n = 85 for PSS-10 and its subscales