Table 3 Study treatment prevalence (n, %) of mental health disorders among people imprisoned in Norway (2010–2019, n = 50 861), Denmark (2010–2018, n = 45 532), and Sweden (2010–2013, n = 23 114)

Organic mental disorder

1227

2.4

1031

2.3

221

1.0

Substance use disorders

22392

44.0

18177

39.9

9029

39.1

Psychosis or schizophrenia

2811

5.5

3483

7.6

821

3.6

Affective disorder

 Bipolar disorder

1559

3.1

668

1.5

424

1.8

 Depressive disorder

8911

17.5

3668

8.1

2436

10.5

Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorder

 Anxiety disorder

4696

9.2

995

2.2

1012

4.4

 Obsessive compulsive disorder

431

0.8

255

0.6

106

0.5

 Stress-related disorder

8722

17.1

6576

14.4

2029

8.8

 Other disorder

3680

7.2

1864

4.1

2737

11.8

Disorders associated with physiological disturbance

1006

2.0

537

1.2

397

1.7

Disorders of adult personality and behaviour

 Dissocial personality disorder

1310

2.6

1051

2.3

483

2.1

 Borderline personality disorder

1373

2.7

853

1.9

282

1.2

 Other disorder

3652

7.2

3027

6.6

1065

4.6

Intellectual disability

375

0.7

620

1.4

154

0.7

Disorders of psychological development

 Autism spectrum disorder

313

0.6

281

0.6

253

1.1

Childhood onset emotional and behavioural disorders

 ADHD

6028

11.9

4247

9.3

2732

11.8

Comorbid SUD and other mental health disorder

14769

29.0

10520

23.1

5024

21.7