Table 1 Sociodemographic, detention-related and clinical variables in the present series

N

54 (39.7%)

66 (48.5%)

16 (11.8%)

136 (100.0%)

Age

38.9 [16.2]

36.3 [16.2]

35.6 [10.4]

36.6 [15.2]

0.311

Nationality

0.173

EU

22 (40.7%)

19 (28.8%)

4 (25.0%)

45 (33.1%)

Extra-EU

12 (22.2%)

28 (42.4%)

7 (43.8%)

47 (34.6%)

Swiss

20 (37.0%)

19 (28.8%)

5 (31.2%)

44 (32.4%)

Marital status

0.560

Single

28 (51.9%)

29 (43.9%)

7 (43.8%)

64 (47.1%)

Separed-divorced-widowed

17 (31.5%)

26 (39.4%)

4 (25.0%)

47 (34.6%)

Married

9 (16.7%)

11 (16.7%)

5 (31.2%)

25 (18.4%)

Children

29 (53.7%)

38 (57.6%)

7 (43.8%)

74 (54.4%)

0.612

Education

0.489

Drop-out

16 (29.6%)

25 (37.9%)

6 (37.5%)

47 (34.6%)

Obligatory schooling

17 (31.5%)

21 (31.8%)

5 (31.2%)

43 (31.6%)

Apprenticeship

13 (24.1%)

17 (25.8%)

5 (31.2%)

35 (25.7%)

High school, university

8 (14.8%)

3 (4.5%)

0 (0.0%)

11 (8.1%)

Language (French)

46 (85.2%)

58 (87.9%)

15 (93.8%)

119 (87.5%)

0.762

Social support

46 (85.2%)

62 (93.9%)

14 (87.5%)

122 (89.7%)

0.241

Employment before conviction

0.170

Invalidity pension

6 (11.1%)

15 (22.7%)

3 (18.8%)

24 (17.6%)

Students

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.5%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.7%)

None

15 (27.8%)

10 (15.2%)

6 (37.5%)

31 (22.8%)

Yes

33 (61.1%)

40 (60.6%)

7 (43.8%)

80 (58.8%)

Type of offenses

0.096

Unpaid fine

3 (5.6%)

4 (6.2%)

0 (0.0%)

7 (5.2%)

Property violation

6 (11.1%)

11 (16.9%)

1 (6.2%)

18 (13.3%)

Fraud

2 (3.7%)

7 (10.8%)

0 (0.0%)

9 (6.7%)

Arson

2 (3.7%)

2 (3.1%)

2 (12.5%)

6 (4.4%)

Physical violence

13 (24.1%)

20 (30.8%)

8 (50.0%)

41 (30.4%)

Drug trafficking

8 (14.8%)

12 (18.5%)

0 (0.0%)

20 (14.8%)

Other

16 (29.6%)

6 (9.2%)

5 (31.2%)

27 (20.0%)

Honor and privacy

2 (3.7%)

2 (3.1%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (3.0%)

Stalking

2 (3.7%)

1 (1.5%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (2.2%)

Number of stays

a

b

a,b

0.004

*

1

38 (70.4%)

49 (74.2%)

6 (37.5%)

93 (68.4%)

2–10

16 (29.6%)

16 (24.2%)

7 (43.8%)

39 (28.7%)

> 10

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.5%)

3 (18.8%)

4 (2.9%)

Length of stay

18.0 [32.0]

21.5 [31.0]

14.0 [22.0]

18.5 [30.5]

0.544

Psychiatric history

c

d

c,d

< 0.001

*

None

7 (13.0%)

20 (30.3%)

0 (0.0%)

27 (19.9%)

Outpatient

12 (22.2%)

22 (33.3%)

1

(6.2%)

35 (25.7%)

Inpatient

35 (64.8%)

24 (36.4%)

15 (93.8%)

74 (54.4%)

Main diagnosis (ICD-10)

e

f

e,f

0.004

*

Adjustment disorder

12 (22.2%)

7 (10.6%)

0 (0.0%)

19 (14.0%)

Affective disorders (bipolar and depressive)

12 (22.2%)

23 (34.8%)

0 (0.0%)

35 (25.7%)

Personality disorders

14 (25.9%)

20 (30.3%)

6 (37.5%)

40 (29.4%)

Psychotic disorders

13 (24.1%)

14 (21.2%)

10 (62.5%)

37 (27.2%)

Other

3 (5.6%)

2 (3.0%)

0 (0.0%)

5 (3.7%)

Substance use disorders

16 (29.6%)

20 (30.3%)

5 (31.2%)

41 (30.1%)

1.000

Personality

0.576

None

28 (51.9%)

29 (43.9%)

7 (43.8%)

64 (47.1%)

Not otherwise specified

4 (7.4%)

7 (10.6%)

1 (6.2%)

12 (8.8%)

Borderline

20 (37.0%)

25 (37.9%)

6 (37.5%)

51 (37.5%)

Cluster A

2 (3.7%)

2 (3.0%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (2.9%)

Narcissistic/Histrionic

0 (0.0%)

3 (4.5%)

2 (12.5%)

5 (3.7%)

Suicidal issues

0.136

No

26 (48.1%)

28 (42.4%)

10 (62.5%)

64 (47.1%)

Suicidal attempt

9 (16.7%)

17 (25.8%)

5 (31.2%)

31 (22.8%)

Suicidal thoughts

19 (35.2%)

21 (31.8%)

1 (6.2%)

41 (30.1%)