Fig. 2

All conclusions on benefit for all classes of mental disorders (with usable data) and individual outcomes. [Legend: *: Comparison 1: ST versus CBT; **: Comparison 2: ST as an add-on to CBT versus CBT alone; [↘]: hint of lesser benefit of ST compared with CBT (based on a single study); [↗]: hint of greater benefit of ST (or ST as an add-on to CBT) compared with CBT (based on a single study); [ ↔]: no evidence (i.e. no proof, indication or hint) of greater benefit or harm of ST (or ST as an add-on to CBT) (based on a single study); [⇑]: indication of greater benefit of ST (supported by meta-analysis); [⇔]: no evidence of greater benefit or harm of ST (homogeneous results between studies); [⇑⇓]: no evidence of greater benefit or harm of ST (heterogeneous results between studies); OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder; prim. diagn.: primary diagnosis; ST: systemic therapy; CBT: cognitive behavioural therapy. See Supplementary file 1: Additional file 6 for full definitions of outcomes