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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the eligible participants (divided by gender) in the Tehran Cohort Study according to substance use status

From: Epidemiology of substance and opium use among adult residents of Tehran; a comprehensive report from Tehran cohort study (TeCS)

Demographic Characteristics*

Total (n = 8259)

Women (n = 4461)

Men (n = 3798)

Non-substance users (n = 7800)

Substance users (n = 459)

P value#

Non-substance users (n = 4435)

Substance users (n = 26)

P value

Non-substance users (n = 3365)

Substance users (n = 433)

P value

Age, mean(SD), y

53.6 (12.78)

56.4 (11.67)

< 0.001

52.9 (12.33)

60.5 (15.22)

0.017

54.6 (13.3)

56.2 (11.4)

0.008

Age subgroups, n (%)

         

 35–44

2233 (28.6)

84 (18.3)

 

1312 (29.6)

4 (15.4)

 

921 (27.4)

80 (18.5)

 

 45–54

2086 (26.7)

115 (25.1)

 

1119 (26.9)

6 (23.1)

 

895 (26.6)

109 (25.2)

 

 55–64

1811 (23.2)

148 (32.2)

< 0.001

1095 (24.7)

5 (19.2)

0.011

716 (21.3)

143 (33.0)

< 0.001

 65–74

1131 (14.5)

84 (18.3)

 

593 (13.4)

5 (19.2)

 

538 (16.0)

79 (18.2)

 

 > 75

539 (6.9)

28 (6.1)

 

244 (5.5)

6 (23.1)

 

295 (8.8)

22 (5.1)

 

Ethnicity, n (%)

         

 Fars

3798 (48.7)

226 (49.3)

 

2164 (48.8)

13 (50)

 

1634 (48.6)

213 (49.3)

 

 Azari

2318 (29.7)

130 (28.4)

 

1300 (29.3)

4 (15.4)

 

1018 (30.3)

126 (29.2)

 

 Gilak

314 (4.0)

18 (3.9)

 

192 (4.3)

1 (3.8)

 

122 (3.6)

17 (3.9)

 

 Lor

297 (3.8)

20 (4.4)

 

157 (3.5)

1 (3.8)

 

140 (4.2)

19 (4.4)

 

 Kurd

181 (2.3)

12 (2.6)

0.882

98 (2.2)

2 (7.7)

0.139

83 (2.5)

10 (2.3)

0.609

 Mixed

640 (8.2)

42 (9.2)

 

397 (9.0)

3 (11.5)

 

243 (7.2)

39 (9.0)

 

 Other

198 (2.5)

9 (2.0)

 

96 (2.2)

2 (7.7)

 

102 (3.0)

7 (1.6)

 

Immigrants/Refugees

48 (0.6)

1 (0.2)

 

30 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

 

18 (0.5)

1 (0.2)

 

Marital status, n (%)

         

 Single

63 (0.8)

3 (0.7)

 

41 (0.9)

0 (0.0)

 

22 (0.7)

3 (0.7)

 

 Married

7547 (96.8)

445 (96.9)

0.937

4251 (95.9)

24 (92.3)

0.378

3296 (98)

421 (97.2)

0.436

 Other

187 (2.4)

11 (2.4)

 

143 (3.2)

2 (7.7)

 

44 (1.3)

9 (2.1)

 

Education years, n (%)

         

 Illiterate

542 (7.0)

43 (9.4)

 

419 (9.4)

8 (30.8)

 

123 (3.7)

35 (8.1)

 

 1–5 years

782 (10.0)

58 (12.6)

< 0.001

507 (11.4)

5 (19.2)

0.002

275 (8.2)

53 (12.2)

< 0.001

 6–12 years

4008 (51.4)

284 (61.9)

 

2348 (53)

10 (38.5)

 

1660 (49.4)

274 (63.3)

 

 >12 years

2462 (31.6)

74 (16.1)

 

1160 (26.2)

3 (11.5)

 

1302 (38.8)

71 (16.4)

 

Employment

         

 Unemployed

4669 (59.9)

179 (39.0)

< 0.001

3610 (81.4)

22 (84.6)

0.805

1059 (31.5)

157 (36.3)

0.046

 Employed

3128 (40.1)

280 (61.0)

 

825 (18.6)

4 (15.4)

 

2303 (68.5)

276 (63.7)

 

Body mass index, mean(SD), kg/m2

28.1 (4.83)

26.6 (4.51)

< 0.001

28.7 (5.17)

28.9 (4.16)

0.846

27.3 (4.21)

26.4 (4.5)

< 0.001

Body mass index subgroups, n (%)

         

 <20

195 (2.5)

30 (6.6)

 

98 (2.2)

0 (0.0)

 

97 (2.9)

30 (7.0)

 

 20-24.99

1930 (24.9)

142 (31.3)

 

1035 (23.6)

3 (13.0)

 

895 (26.8)

139 (32.3)

 

 25-29.99

3237 (41.8)

182 (40.1)

< 0.001

1649 (37.5)

12 (52.2)

0.629

1588 (47.5)

170 (39.4)

< 0.001

 30-34.99

1712 (22.1)

81 (17.8)

 

1092 (24.9)

5 (21.7)

 

620 (18.5)

76 (17.6)

 

 > 35

663 (8.6)

19 (4.2)

 

520 (11.8)

3 (13.0)

 

143 (4.3)

16 (3.7)

 

Physical activity, n (%)

         

 Low

1338 (17.3)

110 (24.4)

 

851 (19.3)

11 (42.3)

 

487 (14.6)

99 (23.3)

 

 Intermediate

4520 (58.3)

239 (53.0)

0.001

2677 (60.6)

10 (38.5)

0.01

1843 (55.3)

229 (53.9)

< 0.001

 High

1890 (24.4)

102 (22.6)

 

888 (20.1)

5 (19.2)

 

1002 (30.1)

97 (22.8)

 

Alcohol use, n (%)

         

 No

7157 (92.0)

341 (74.9)

< 0.001

4294 (97.0)

23 (88.5)

0.045

2863 (85.5)

318 (74.1)

< 0.001

 Yes

622 (8.0)

114 (25.1)

 

135 (3.0)

3 (11.5)

 

487 (14.5)

111 (25.9)

 

Tobacco use, n (%)

         

 Never

6244 (80.1)

94 (20.5)

 

4057 (91.5)

16 (61.5)

 

2187 (65.0)

78 (18.0)

 

 Quitted

273 (3.5)

60 (13.1)

< 0.001

46 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

< 0.001

227 (6.7)

60 (13.9)

< 0.001

 Yes

1282 (16.4)

305 (66.4)

 

332 (7.5)

10 (38.5)

 

950 (28.2)

295 (68.1)

 

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

         

 No

6249 (81.5)

364 (81.4)

0.969

3582 (81.8)

17 (68.0)

0.113

2667 (81.1)

347 (82.2)

0.573

 Yes

1418 (18.5)

83 (18.6)

 

796 (18.2)

8 (32.0)

 

622 (18.9)

75 (17.8)

 

Hypertension, n (%)

         

 No

5614 (72.0)

325 (71.0)

0.636

3125 (70.5)

17 (65.4)

0.57

2489 (74.0)

308 (71.3)

0.235

 Yes

2185 (28.0)

133 (29.0)

 

1309 (29.5)

9 (34.6)

 

876 (26.0)

124 (28.7)

 

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

         

 No

5243 (67.2)

318 (69.4)

0.328

2893 (65.2)

18 (69.2)

0.67

2350 (69.8)

300 (69.4)

0.867

 Yes

2556 (32.8)

140 (30.6)

 

1541 (34.8)

8 (30.8)

 

1015 (30.2)

132 (30.6)

 

Cerebral vascular accident, n (%)

         

 No

7692 (98.6)

445 (96.9)

0.003

4380 (98.8)

25 (96.2)

0.276

3312 (98.5)

420 (97)

0.028

 Yes

106 (1.4)

14 (3.1)

 

54 (1.2)

1 (3.8)

 

52 (1.5)

13 (3)

 

Chronic kidney disease, n (%)

         

 No

7734 (99.2)

454 (98.9)

0.597

4401 (99.2)

26 (100.0)

> 0.0999

3333 (99.0)

428 (98.8)

0.605

 Yes

66 (0.8)

5 (1.1)

 

34 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

 

32 (1.0)

5 (1.2)

 

Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg

121.6 (18.77)

124.3 (19.99)

0.005

119.2 (19.39)

120.1 (20.93)

0.813

124.8 (17.42)

124.6 (19.93)

0.852

Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg

80.8 (10.75)

79.6 (12.01)

0.033

80.8 (10.72)

81.1 (12.83)

0.892

80.9 (10.78)

79.5 (11.96)

0.026

  1. Abbreviations: SD: Standard deviation
  2. * Continuous variables with normal distribution are shown as mean ± standard deviation.
  3. # P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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