Table 2 The Mendelian randomization of particulate matter air pollution on autism spectrum disorder risk

MR-Egger

5.67

290.28

0.12-6.61e⁵

0.22

< 0.01*

-0.0623 (0.34)

PM_2.5

Weighted median

2.03

7.62

1.74–33.29

0.01*

Inverse variance weighted

1.51

4.54

0.55–37.67

0.16

< 0.01*

MR-Egger

4.30

73.51

0.30-1.78e⁴

0.22

0.07

-0.0295 (0.53)

PM_2.5 (adjusted)

Weighted median

2.60

13.47

3.14–57.82

< 0.01*

Inverse variance weighted

2.41

11.13

2.54–48.76

< 0.01*

0.08

MR-Egger

0.95

2.60

0.06-110.75

0.65

0.12

0.0123 (0.76)

PM_2.5 absorbance

Weighted median

1.38

3.97

0.86–18.29

0.08

Inverse variance weighted

1.54

4.67

1.21–18.01

0.03*

0.20

MR-Egger

-0.74

0.48

0.06–3.74

0.49

0.05*

0.0215 (0.24)

PM₁₀

Weighted median

0.17

1.18

0.52–2.66

0.69

Inverse variance weighted

0.47

1.60

0.79–3.24

0.19

0.04*

MR-Egger

-0.16

0.85

0.14–5.14

0.86

0.27

0.0079 (0.63)

PM₁₀ (adjusted)

Weighted median

0.10

1.10

0.49–2.47

0.81

Inverse variance weighted

0.27

1.30

0.72–2.36

0.38

0.31