Mobile phone problem use and depressive symptoms: the mediating role of social support and attitude to aging among Chinese older adults

Table 5 Total, direct and indirect associations

Total, direct and indirect associations	Depressive symptoms as criterion
Total, direct and indirect associations	Effect	SE	Lower bound	Upper bound
AAQ – Psychosocial loss
Total association of X on Y	0.427	0.049	0.325	0.515
Direct association of X on Y	0.166	0.057	0.053	0.273
X → M1 → Y	0.158	0.033	0.098	0.23
X → M2 → Y	0.057	0.02	0.025	0.108
X → M1 → M2 → Y	0.046	0.013	0.025	0.08
Total indirect effect	0.261	0.035	0.195	0.335
AAQ – Physical change
Total association of X on Y	0.427	0.049	0.325	0.515
Direct association of X on Y	0.175	0.055	0.065	0.281
X → M1 → Y	0.136	0.034	0.074	0.206
X → M2 → Y	0.048	0.02	0.015	0.099
X → M1 → M2 → Y	0.068	0.017	0.041	0.108
Total indirect effect	0.252	0.035	0.187	0.323
AAQ - Psychological growth
Total association of X on Y	0.427	0.049	0.325	0.515
Direct association of X on Y	0.162	0.059	0.046	0.275
X → M1 → Y	0.177	0.034	0.116	0.249
X → M2 → Y	0.062	0.021	0.029	0.114
X → M1 → M2 → Y	0.027	0.01	0.012	0.053
Total indirect effect	0.266	0.037	0.197	0.345

X = MPPU, M1 = social support, M2 = attitude to aging, Y = depressive symptoms. Covariates included demographic characteristics. Number of bootstrap samples for bias corrected bootstrap confidence intervals: 5,000. Level of confidence for all confidence intervals: 95%

ISSN: 1471-244X