Table 4 The mean scores of Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) and Control Questionnaire according to scores of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in children with specific learning disability*, n = 266
SDQ scores | W/A | p | HA | p | I/N | p | UR | p | T-PARQ | p | Control | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emotional symptoms | 0.075 | 0.024 | < 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.668 | ||||||
≥ 5 | 31.6 (30.0-33.3) | 27.1 (25.7–28.7) | 24.8 (23.5–28.2) | 17.5 (16.5–18.6) | 101.0 (96.5-105.8) | 40.7 (40.0-41.4) | ||||||
< 5 | 29.7 (28.6–30.9) | 25.1 (24.0-26.1) | 21.9 (21.0-22.8) | 15.6 (15.0-16.3) | 92.3 (89.1–95.5) | 40.7 (40.0-41.9) | ||||||
Conduct problems | 0.009 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.128 | ||||||
≥ 4 | 32.5 (30.6–34.5) | 29.1 (27.4–30.9) | 25.7 (24.2–27.3) | 18.6 (17.5–19.8) | 105.9 (100.7-111.4) | 40.1 (39.1–41.2) | ||||||
< 4 | 29.6 (28.5–30.7) | 24.5 (23.6–25.4) | 21.8 (21.0-22.6) | 15.4 (14.8–16.0) | 91.2 (88.3–94.1) | 41.1 (40.4–41.8) | ||||||
Hyperactivity-Inattention | 0.802 | 0.027 | 0.309 | 0.119 | 0.210 | 0.359 | ||||||
≥ 8 | 30.2 (28.4–32.1) | 27.4 (25.7–29.2) | 23.6 (21.8–23.6) | 17.1 (16.0-18.3) | 98.2 (93.2-103.6) | 41.2 (40.2–42.3) | ||||||
< 8 | 30.5 (29.3–31.7) | 25.2 (24.2–26.2) | 22.7 (21.8–23.6) | 16.0 (15.4–16.7) | 94.3 (91.3–97.5) | 40.6 (40.0-41.3) | ||||||
Peer problems | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.023 | ||||||
≥ 4 | 31.7 (30.4–33.0) | 27.2 (26.1–28.4) | 24.1 (23.1–25.1) | 17.3 (16.6–18.1) | 100.3 (96.8–104.0) | 40.3 (39.5–41.0) | ||||||
< 4 | 28.5 (27.1–29.9) | 23.8 (22.6–25.1) | 21.2 (20.2–22.3) | 14.8 (14.1–15.7) | 88.4 (84.7–92.2) | 41.6 (40.7–42.5) | ||||||
Externalizing | 0.152 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.540 | ||||||
≥ 12 | 31.8 (29.7–34.1) | 29.6 (27.6–31.8) | 25.5 (23.7–27.4) | 18.9 (17.5–20.3) | 105.8 (99.6-112.3) | 40.5 (39.2–41.7) | ||||||
< 12 | 30.0 (29.0-31.1) | 24.8 (23.9–25.7) | 22.2 (21.4–23.1) | 15.6 (15.0-16.2) | 92.7 (89.9–95.6) | 40.9 (40.3–41.6) | ||||||
Internalizing | 0.003 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.333 | ||||||
≥ 9 | 32.4 (30.7–34.1) | 27.9 (26.4–29.4) | 24.8 (23.5–26.2) | 17.9 (16.9–19.0) | 103.0 (98.5-107.7) | 40.4 (39.5–41.4) | ||||||
< 9 | 29.2 (28.1–30.4) | 24.6 (23.6–25.6) | 21.8 (20.9–22.7) | 15.4 (14.7–16.0) | 91.0 (87.9–94.2) | 41.0 (40.3–41.8) | ||||||
Prosocial behavior | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | 0.039 | ||||||
≤ 6 | 32.8 (30.8–34.8) | 28.0 (26.3–29.8) | 25.2 (23.7–26.8) | 17.8 (16.7–19.1) | 103.8 (98.5-109.5) | 39.8 (38.7–40.9) | ||||||
> 6 | 29.5 (28.4–30.6) | 25.0 (24.0-25.9) | 22.1 (21.2–22.9) | 15.7 (15.1–16.4) | 92.2 (89.3–95.3) | 41.2 (40.5–41.9) | ||||||
Total difficulties | 0.006 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.538 | ||||||
≥ 17 | 31.8 30.4–33.3) | 28.0 (26.8–29.3) | 24.7 (23.6–25.9) | 17.8 (16.9–18.7) | 102.2 (98.3-106.3) | 41.0 (40.2–41.8) | ||||||
<17 | 29.1 (27.8–30.4) | 23.8 (22.7–24.8) | 21.3 (20.3–22.2) | 14.9 (14.3–15.7) | 89.1 (85.8–92.5) | 40.6 (39.8–41.5) |