Fig. 1

Relative deficit in terms of Z-score in Continuous Performance Test (CPT) indices, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) indices, and attenuated niacin-induced flush response for patients with first episode psychosis versus those of schizophrenia patients from simplex families and multiplex families, respectively. The vertical bar indicates the standard error interval of the mean Z-score. CPT = Continuous Performance Test; WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; PE = perseverative errors, and–PE represents being transformed to negative value; CA = categories achieved; niacin response was based on the volumetric niacin response (VNR) for 0.1 M and 0.01 M