Patients with first-episode psychosis in northern Taiwan: neurocognitive performance and niacin response profile in comparison with schizophrenia patients of different familial loadings and relationship with clinical features

Table 2 Sample characteristics of external comparison groups

	External comparison groups for standardization				Schizophrenia patients with different familial loadings
	CPT	WCST	NR	MPAs	CPT and WCST		NRA
Type	Community sample	Healthy controls	Healthy controls	Treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients	Simplex families	Multiplex families	Simplex families	Multiplex families
Sample size	345	440	94	108	1649	1314	1866	176
Age, mean (SD)	41.3 (13.0)	39.9 (15.7)	33.2 (10.2)	44.9 (9.1)	35.1 (8.0)	36.4 (9.6)	35.6 (8.2)	35.2 (7.9)
Male sex, n (%)	165 (48%)	191 (43%)	45 (48%)	62 (57%)	639 (39%)	509 (31%)	1149 (62%)	121 (69%)
Reference	[29]	[28]	[30]	[15]	[31]	[32]	[31]	[32]

Abbreviations: CPT = Continuous Performance Test; WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; NR = niacin response; MPAs = minor physical anomalies and craniofacial features

ISSN: 1471-244X