Patients with first-episode psychosis in northern Taiwan: neurocognitive performance and niacin response profile in comparison with schizophrenia patients of different familial loadings and relationship with clinical features

Table 3 Baseline clinical characteristics and quantitative measures among patients with first-episode psychosis in Taiwan

Variables	Total (N = 80) Mean (SD)
Variables	Raw score	Z-score
*Clinical features*
Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score
Total	67.3 (23.0)	-
Positive	16.8 (7.0)	-
Negative	15.5 (7.0)	-
General psychopathology	35.1 (11.9)	-
Personal and Social Performance score	61.8 (16.9)	-
*Baseline measures*
Continuous Performance Test
Undegraded d’	3.9 (0.9)	−1.06 (1.3)^{a ***}
Degraded d’	3.4 (1.3)	−0.70 (1.4)^{a ***}
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Perseverative errors	25.1 (20.3)	0.44 (1.3)^{b *}
Categories achieved	5.3 (3.1)	−0.32 (1.1)^{b *}
Niacin response (NR) abnormality
Volumetric NR for 0.1 M and 0.01 M	10.0 (3.5)	−1.25 (1.2)^{c ***}
Minor physical anomalies and craniofacial features
Facial width	13.6 (0.9)	0.69 (1.0)^{d ***}
Lower facial height	6.8 (0.7)	−0.28 (1.0)^{d *}
Mouth score	0.5 (0.8)	−1.04 (0.7)^{d ***}

^a Z-score adjusted for sex, age, and education against a community sample of 345 individuals [29]
^b Z-score adjusted for sex, age, and education against a group of 440 healthy controls [28]
^c Z-score against a group of 94 healthy subjects [30]
^d Z-score against a group of 108 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia [15]
^*p value < 0.05 and ^***p value < 0.001 versus the comparison group
Abbreviations: NR = niacin response

ISSN: 1471-244X