Table 1 Basic characteristics of the study participants in ZheJiang longitudinAl Study of Healthy Aging (JASHA) (N = 734)

Age in years, median (IQR)

50.3 (40.2, 58.9)

48.6 (39.7, 57.9)

52.7 (41.6, 60.0)

0.009

Sex, N (%)

< 0.001

 Male

414 (56.4)

268 (61.5)

146 (49.0)

 Female

320 (43.6)

168 (38.5)

152 (51.0)

Educational level, N (%)

0.794

 Primary school

67 (9.1)

38 (8.7)

29 (9.7)

 Middle and high school

327 (44.6)

192 (44.0)

135 (45.3)

 College and above

340 (46.3)

206 (47.2)

134 (45.0)

Marital status, N (%)

0.123

 Currently unmarried

69 (9.4)

35 (8.0)

34 (11.4)

 Currently married

665 (90.6)

401 (92.0)

264 (88.6)

Occupational status, N (%)

0.642

 Technology

126 (17.2)

72 (16.5)

54 (18.1)

 Management

134 (18.3)

84 (19.3)

50 (16.8)

 Others

474 (64.6)

280 (64.2)

194 (65.1)

Family income per month, N (%)

0.150

 < 10,000 RMB

251 (34.2)

140 (32.1)

111 (37.2)

 ≥ 10,000 RMB

483 (65.8)

296 (67.9)

187 (62.8)

Smoking status, N (%)

0.590

 Never

527 (71.8)

307 (70.4)

220 (73.8)

 Current

147 (20.0)

91 (20.9)

56 (18.8)

 Ever

60 (8.2)

38 (8.7)

22 (7.4)

Drinking status, N (%)

0.641

 Current

286 (39.0)

173 (39.7)

113 (37.9)

 Ever

20 (2.7)

10 (2.3)

10 (3.4)

 Never

428 (58.3)

253 (58.0)

175 (58.7)

BMI in kg/m², median (IQR)

23.9 (21.5, 26.3)

24.2 (21.8, 26.5)

23.2 (21.1, 26.1)

0.004

Physical activity (METs×min/week), median (IQR)

2079.0 (1080.0, 3732.0)

2079.0 (1114.5, 3824.4)

2085.5 (1044.0, 3657.0)

0.604

Psychological disease history, N (%)

0.160

 No

730 (99.5)

435 (99.8)

295 (99.0)

 Yes

4 (0.5)

1 (0.2)

3 (1.0)

Self-rated health status, N (%)

< 0.001

 Very good

26 (3.5)

21 (4.8)

5 (1.7)

 Good

273 (37.2)

180 (41.3)

93 (31.2)

 Fair

360 (49.0)

202 (46.3)

158 (53.0)

 Poor

73 (9.9)

33 (7.6)

40 (13.4)

 Very poor

2 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.7)

Perceived stress score, median (IQR)

8.0 (4.0, 12.0)

7.0 (4.0, 11.0)

9.0 (5.0, 13.0)

< 0.001

Sleep quality score, median (IQR)

5.0 (3.0, 7.0)

3.0 (2.0, 4.0)

8.0 (6.0, 10.0)

< 0.001

Subjective sleep quality score, median (IQR)

1.0 (1.0, 2.0)

1.0 (1.0, 1.0)

2.0 (1.0, 2.0)

< 0.001

Sleep latency score, median (IQR)

1.0 (0.0, 1.0)

0.0 (0.0, 1.0)

1.0 (1.0, 2.0)

< 0.001

Sleep duration score, median (IQR)

1.0 (0.0, 2.0)

0.0 (0.0, 1.0)

2.0 (1.0, 3.0)

< 0.001

Sleep efficiency score, median (IQR)

0.0 (0.0, 1.0)

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

1.0 (0.0, 2.0)

< 0.001

Sleep disturbances score, median (IQR)

1.0 (0.0, 1.0)

0.0 (0.0, 1.0)

1.0 (1.0, 1.0)

< 0.001

Use of sleep medicine score, median (IQR)

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

< 0.001

Daytime dysfunction score, median (IQR)

1.0 (0.0, 2.0)

0.0 (0.0, 1.0)

2.0 (1.0, 3.0)

< 0.001

Loneliness score, median (IQR)

3.0 (3.0, 4.0)

3.0 (3.0, 4.0)

3.0 (3.0, 5.0)

< 0.001

Loneliness, N (%)

0.019

 No (Loneliness score < 6)

661 (90.1)

402 (92.2)

259 (86.9)

 Yes (Loneliness score ≥ 6)

73 (9.9)

34 (7.8)

39 (13.1)

Depression score, median (IQR)

4.0 (2.0, 7.0)

3.0 (1.0, 5.0)

5.0 (3.0, 8.0)

< 0.001

Depressive symptoms, N (%)

< 0.001

 No (Depression score < 10)

656 (89.4)

415 (95.2)

241 (80.9)

 Yes (Depression score ≥ 10)

78 (10.6)

21 (4.8)

57 (19.1)