Association between anxiety, depression and quality of life in male and female German students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 2 Descriptive statistics for World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQoL-BREF), Symptom-Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) separated by gender

	Male		Female		Male		Female
	M	SD	M	SD	n	(%)	n	(%)
WHOQoL-BREF^a
Global QoL	70.87	17.48	72.87	17.90
Overall health	69.63	23.54	68.61	22.64
Physical well-being	78.93	13.33	77.86	11.89
Psychological well-being	65.39	15.75	63.64	15.63
Social relationships	64.39	20.89	69.41	18.55
Environment QoL	73.27	11.66	74.08	11.10
SCL-90-R^b
GSI^c	0.44	0.45	0.51	0.51
PST^d	25.11	16.66	28.87	17.34
PSDI^e	1.38	0.42	1.44	0.44
HADS^f
Depression^g	4.73	3.60	4.26	3.05
Normal	3.29	2.23	3.30	2.04	96	(79.3)	150	(85.2)
Marginal	8.67	0.72	8.83	0.86	15	(12.4)	18	(14.9)
Clinically significant	12.60	1.65	11.88	1.36	10	(8.3)	8	(4.5)
Anxiety^g	5.99	3.59	6.87	3.62
Normal	4.49	1.83	4.63	1.89	93	(76.9)	111	(63.1)
Marginal	8.78	0.88	8.95	0.84	18	(14.9)	38	(21.6)
Clinically significant	14.90	3.07	13.15	1.81	10	(8.3)	27	(15.3)

Note^aWorld Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version ^bSymptom-Checklist-90-Items Revised ^cGlobal Severity Index ^dPositive Symptom Total ^ePositive Symptom Distress Index. ^fHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ^gHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety and Depression scores interpreted (levels according to cut-off scores). Values are rounded

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