Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) in silica-exposed workers from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds

Table 1 Psychometric properties of the PSS-10 in occupational settings

Reference and year	Occupation of participants (Language of instrument)	Number in study^a (%male)	Age in years (mean (SD))	Factorial validity			Cronbach ɒ
Reference and year	Occupation of participants (Language of instrument)	Number in study^a (%male)	Age in years (mean (SD))	Factors	Total %	(Negative % + Positive %)	Overall	Negative	Positive
Reis et al. 2010 [10]	University teachers in Brazil (Portuguese)	793 (57.5%)	45.5 (8.0)	2	56.8%	30.6% + 26.1%	0.87	0.83	0.77
Wang et al. 2011^b [23]	Policewomen in China (Chinese)	240 (0%)	21.1 (1.4)	2	62.41%	47.61% + 14.80%	0.86	0.87	0.77
Lesage et al. 2012^c [6]	Workers in occupational health care centres in France (French)	501 (49.7%)	40.4 (UNK)	2	55%	-	0.83	0.81	0.73
Ng et al. 2013 [24]	Elderly service workers in Hong Kong (Chinese)	992 (16.5%)	43.2 (10.2)	2	49.1%	29.15% + 19.95%	0.70	0.78	0.67
Smith et al. 2014 [25]	Accountants in USA (English)	305 (49.7%)	32.9 (12.5)	-	-	-	0.857	0.847	0.842
Sandhu et al. 2015 [26]	Nurses in Malaysia (Malay)	229 (UNK%)	48.3 (5.6)	2	54.6%	32.1% + 22.5%	0.63	0.82	0.72
Miranda et al. 2020 [27]	Public sector workers in Argentina (Spanish)	535 (20.4%)	Categorical age reported	2	60%	33.5% + 26.5%	0.810	0.832	0.806
Teresi et al 2020^d [28]	Hispanic caregivers to patients with Alzheimer’s in USA (Spanish, English)	453 (16%)	58.4 (11.2)	2	64.8%	53.7% + 11.1%	0.88	-	-

^aWhere both EFA and CFA was performed, total population was included in this column
^bNo mention of reverse-scoring positive items in methodology
^cReverse-scored items are incorrectly described as ‘negative’ items instead of ‘positive’, however the item numbers described as reverse-scored correlate to positive items
^dAuthors conclude data fits unidimensional model due to ratio of two factors. Eigenvalues reported in Supplementary Material

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