Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of MD, NMD, and HCs

Sex (M/F)

16/56

26/48

25/56

3.035

0.219

Age (years)

35.49(11.12)

33.99(9.75)

35.25(11.56)

0.408

0.665

Education (years)

11.82(3.81)

11.20(4.67)

12.43(4.39)

1.571

0.210

Illness duration (months)

11.30(17 0.87)

12.07(14.58)

-0.283

0.777

BMI (kg/m²)

21.13(2.76)

20.94(2.85)

21.71(2.97)

1.537

0.217

ICV (mm³)

1290856.17(180328.07)

1344408.00(173137.61)

1325802.47(165573.73)

1.805

0.167

EHI-SF

98.44(7.55)

97.97(8.54)

98.61(9.27)

0.114

0.892

HDRS

26.10(4.83)

21.31(3.28)

6.986

< 0.001

MADRS

33.76(6.65)

25.85(5.21)

7.991

< 0.001

Anxiety/somatization factor

8.82(2.16)

7.88(1.74)

2.907

0.004

Weight factor

1.11(0.88)

0.35(0.67)

5.850

< 0.001

Cognitive dysfunction factor

4.42(1.85)

3.12(1.46)

4.682

< 0.001

Retardation factor

7.81(1.90)

6.74(2.14)

3.167

0.002

Sleep disorder factor

4.76(1.50)

3.70(1.86)

3.799

< 0.001