Table 4 Baseline characteristics of patients stratified by TNF-α
From: Impacts of inflammatory cytokines on depression: a cohort study
Variable | TNF-α | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 25% (21) | 25–50% (21) | 50–75% (20) | > 75% (20) |  | |
Age, year | 36.6 ± 11.2 | 37.2 ± 13.1 | 38.5 ± 12.1 | 36.6 ± 12.5 | 0.95 |
Male gender | 8 (38.1) | 7 (33.3) | 6 (30.0) | 5 (25.0) | 0.83 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.7 (5.2) | 24.1 (3.9) | 22.8 (4.5) | 21.5 (6.6) | 0.47 |
Married | 12 (57.1) | 13 (61.9) | 14 (70.0) | 9 (45.0) | 0.43 |
Education (≥ high school) | 18 (85.7) | 18 (85.7) | 18 (90.0) | 17 (85.0) | 1.00 |
Employed | 14 (66.7) | 12 (57.1) | 10 (50.0) | 16 (80.0) | 0.22 |
Income (RMB per year) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.85 |
 < 50,000  50,000-100,000  > 100,000  Unknown | 5 (23.8) 4 (19.0) 10 (47.6) 2 (9.5) | 6 (28.6) 6 (28.6) 9 (42.9) 0 (0.0) | 5 (25.0) 3 (15.0) 9 (45.0) 3 (15.0) | 4 (20.0) 6 (30.0) 8 (40.0) 2 (10.0) |  |
Current smoker | 3 (14.3) | 5 (23.8) | 3 (15.0) | 6 (30.0) | 0.59 |
Current drinker | 8 (38.1) | 6 (28.6) | 5 (25.0) | 8 (40.0) | 0.69 |
Physical activity | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.63 |
 None  Minor  Moderate  severe | 6 (28.6) 10 (47.6) 3 (14.3) 2 (9.5) | 7 (33.3) 6 (28.6) 7 (33.3) 1 (4.8) | 8 (40.0) 7 (35.0) 5 (25.0) 0 (0.0) | 7 (35.0) 10 (10.0) 3 (15.0) 0 (0.0) |  |
Hypertension | 3 (14.3) | 3 (14.3) | 7 (35.0) | 2 (10.0) | 0.22 |
Diabetes | 5 (23.8) a,b | 3 (23.8) a,b | 6 (30.0) b | 0 (0.0) a | 0.04* |
Hyperlipidemia | 1 (4.8) | 2 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.61 |
Heart disease | 2 (9.5) | 3 (14.3) | 2 (10.0) | 2 (10.0) | 1.00 |
Brain stroke | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.48 |
Tumor | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0.36 |
Insomnia | 13 (61.9) | 12 (57.1) | 10 (50.0) | 9 (45.0) | 0.70 |
Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome | 3 (14.3) | 1 (4.8) | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.38 |
Family history of mental disease | 1 (4.8) | 5 (23.8) | 3 (15.0) | 5 (25.0) | 0.25 |
Duration of depression | 363 (828) | 437 (1161) | 297 (1842) | 33.5 (733) | 0.11 |
Antidepressant drugs | 11 (52.4) | 14 (66.7) | 8 (40.0) | 13 (65.0) | 0.28 |
Social support | 32 (15) | 30 (13) | 33 (10) | 28.5 (16) | 0.56 |
Life stress | 214.3 ± 125.9 | 220.4 ± 133.5 | 215.4 ± 145.2 | 214.1 ± 101.5 | 0.99 |
PHQ-9 | 12.0 (10.0) | 12.0 (13.0) | 16.0 (10.0) | 12.0 (4.0) | 0.61 |
TNF-α | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.4) | 2.3 (0.4) | 3.7 (1.6) | < 0.01* |