Table 7 The mediating effect of Big Five personality on family health and smoking behaviors explored by Sobel tests and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) decomposition methods

Family health → mediator coefficient

0.028^*

0.064^*

0.049^*

0.028^*

0.026^*

Mediator → smoking coefficient

0.006^*

0.003

0.003

0.008^*

-0.002

Indirect effect, β

0.001^*

0.001^*

0.001

0.001^*

-0.000

Direct effect, β

-0.003^*

-0.003^*

-0.003^*

-0.003^*

-0.002^*

Total effect, β

-0.002^*

-0.002^*

-0.002^*

-0.002^*

-0.002^*

Proportion of total effect that is mediated

-0.066

-0.094

-0.065

-0.092

0.019

Sobel test

3.821^*

2.125

2.074

4.848^*

-1.116

KHB decomposition

 Proportion of mediation effect (%)

47.81

--^a

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52.19

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