Impact of depersonalization on the course of depression: longitudinal observations from the gutenberg health study

Table 5 Mental health outcomes at the 5-year follow-up

	Not depressed (PHQ-9 < 5) and no DP/DR (CDS-2 = 0) (n = 9,301)	Depressed (PHQ-9 ≥ 10)		Cohen’s d^§	Test for depression with DP/DR versus depression only
		no DP/DR (CDS-2 = 0) (n = 599)	DP/DR (CDS-2 ≥ 1) (n = 522)	Cohen’s d^§	Test for depression with DP/DR versus depression only
PHQ-9 ≥ 10, % (n)	2.2% (169/7792)	39.7% (182/458)	59.7% (233/390)		p < 0.0001
PHQ-9 < 5, % (n)	78.4% (6109/7797)	15.9% (73/459)	6.9% (27/391)		p < 0.0001
PHQ-9 sum score, median (Q1/Q3)	3.00 (1.00/4.00)	8.00 (6.00/12.00)	11.00 (7.88/14.00)	0.42	p < 0.0001
GAD-2 ≥ 3, % (n)	2.3% (177/7736)	26.9% (122/454)	42.4% (165/389)		p < 0.0001
GAD-2 sum score, median (Q1/Q3)	0 (0/1.00)	2.00 (1.00/3.00)	2.00 (2.00/3.00)	0.38	p < 0.0001
CDS-2 sum score, median (Q1/Q3)	0 (0/0)	0 (0/0)	1.00 (0/2.00)	0.71	p < 0.0001
CDS-2 ≥ 3, % (n)	0.2% (15/7773)	2.9% (13/456)	13.1% (51/388)		p < 0.0001
Physical health, mean (SD)	2.02 (0.56)	2.51 (0.71)	2.64 (0.69)	0.20	p = 0.0041
Mental health, mean (SD)	1.90 (0.59)	2.60 (0.74)	2.69 (0.72)	0.13	p = 0.051

Continuous variables are described by mean values with standard deviation in brackets (SD) or median values with 1st and 3rd Quantil in brackets (Q1 / Q3) if they are skew. Discrete variables are described through relative and absolute frequencies. Baseline data were compared by Chi-square test for dichotomous variables, t-tests for normally distributed continuous variables, and Wilcox rank sum test for more skewed continuous data
Note: In the comparison of participants who are depressed with those not depressed, all variables differed significantly
^§Cohen’s for continuous variables

ISSN: 1471-244X