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Table 1 Sample characteristics (N = 5,140)

From: Reliability and validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 scale and its subscales of depression and anxiety among US adults based on nativity

 

n (%)

Nativity

 

 US-born

3,971 (77.26)

 Foreign-born

1,169 (22.74)

Age

 

 18–25

733 (14.26)

 26–34

1,004 (19.53)

 35–49

1,672 (32.53)

 50–64

1,222 (23.77)

 ≥ 65

509 (9.90)

Gender identity

 

 Male

1,813 (35.27)

 Female

3,219 (62.63)

 Non-binary/transgender/other

108 (2.10)

Sexual orientation

 

 Heterosexual/straight

4,586 (89.22)

 Lesbian/Gay

188 (3.66)

 Bisexual

298 (5.80)

 Other

68 (1.32)

Race/ethnicity

 

 White

2,210 (43.00)

 Black/African American

1,255 (24.42)

 Asian

531 (10.33)

 Latino/Hispanic

934 (18.17)

 Other

210 (4.09)

Level of education completed

 

 Less than High School

290 (5.64)

 High School diploma or GED

1,175 (22.86)

 Some college/vocational or technical school

1,668 (32.45)

 College or higher degree

2,007 (39.05)

Current employment

 

 Employed

2,814 (54.75)

 Unemployed

740 (14.40)

 Unpaid/Voluntary/Apprenticeship

418 (8.13)

 Permanently Sick/Disabled

289 (5.62)

 In school or student

239 (4.65)

 Retired

640 (12.45)

Marital status

 

 Never been married

1,568 (30.51)

 Married/Living with a partner

2,790 (54.28)

 Divorced/Widowed/Separated

782 (15.21)

Annual household income

 

 Less than $25,000

1,243 (24.18)

 $25,000 to < $35,000

787 (15.31)

 $35,000 to < $50,000

792 (15.41)

 $50,000 to < $75,000

955 (18.58)

 $75,000 or more

1,363 (26.52)