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Table 2 Standardized direct effects of the parsimonious structural equation model on the relationships between the predictors of depressive symptoms, self-harm and suicide thoughts for females

From: Are social pressure, bullying and low social support associated with depressive symptoms, self-harm and self-directed violence among adolescents? A cross-sectional study using a structural equation modeling approach

Variables

Self-harm

β

95% CI

p-value

Pressure, high

0.07

0.04/0.10

< 0.001

Bullied others, low

-0.03

-0.05/-0.01

0.012

Bullied by others, low

-0.09

-0.11/-0.06

< 0.001

Bullied online, low

-0.07

-0.10/-0.05

< 0.001

Parental support, low

0.12

0.10/0.14

< 0.001

Depressive symptoms, high

0.32

0.29/0.34

< 0.001

 

Suicide thoughts

Pressure, high

0.05

0.02/0.08

0.001

Bullied others, low

-0.06

-0.08/-0.04

< 0.001

Bullied by others, low

-0.04

-0.07/-0.02

0.001

Bullied online, low

-0.05

-0.08/-0.03

< 0.001

Friends support, low

0.07

0.04/0.10

< 0.001

Parental support, low

0.13

0.11/0.15

< 0.001

Depressive symptoms, high

0.41

0.39/0.44

< 0.001

 

Depressive symptoms

Family economy, low

0.11

0.09/0.13

< 0.001

Parental education, high

-0.05

-0.07/-0.03

< 0.001

Pressure, high

0.44

0.42/0.47

< 0.001

Bullied by others, low

-0.04

-0.07/-0.02

0.001

Bullied online, low

-0.04

-0.07/-0.02

< 0.001

Friends support, low

0.15

0.12/0.18

< 0.001

Teacher support, low

0.14

0.12/0.16

< 0.001

Parental support, low

0.12

0.09/0.14

< 0.001

 

Bullied others

Family economy, low

-0.05

-0.07/-0.02

< 0.001

Teacher support, low

-0.12

-0.14/-0.10

< 0.001

Parental support, low

-0.07

-0.10/-0.05

< 0.001

 

Bullied by others

Family economy, low

-0.04

-0.06/-0.01

0.004

Friends support, low

-0.37

-0.39/-0.34

< 0.001

Teacher support, low

-0.09

-0.11/-0.06

< 0.001

Parental support, low

-0.03

-0.06/-0.01

0.013

 

Bullied online

Family economy, low

-0.05

-0.08/-0.03

< 0.001

Friends support, low

-0.33

-0.36/-0.30

< 0.001

Teacher support, low

-0.10

-0.13/-0.08

< 0.001

Parental support, low

-0.04

-0.06/-0.01

0.003

 

Pressure

Family economy, low

0.08

0.05/0.01

< 0.001

Parental education, high

0.03

0.01/0.06

0.030

Friends support, low

0.21

0.17/0.24

< 0.001

Teacher support, low

0.25

0.22/0.27

< 0.001

Parental support, low

0.07

0.04/0.10

< 0.001

 

Parental support

Family economy, low

0.26

0.24/0.29

< 0.001

Parental education, high

-0.08

-0.11/-0.06

< 0.001