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Table 5 Associations between primary caregiver’s parenting styles at different groups and child mental health outcomes (N = 1,459)

From: Parenting style and child mental health at preschool age: evidence from rural China

 

Total difficulties score

Internalizing problems score

Externalizing problems score

Prosocial behaviors score

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Group 1 (high authoritative, low authoritarian)

-0.67

-0.00

-0.66**

0.93***

 

(0.35)

(0.21)

(0.21)

(0.14)

Group 2 (high authoritarian, low authoritative)

2.41***

1.13***

1.28***

-0.26

 

(0.33)

(0.20)

(0.22)

(0.14)

Group 3 (high authoritative, high authoritarian)

0.88*

0.64**

0.24

0.78***

 

(0.35)

(0.22)

(0.21)

(0.13)

Controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Cluster

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

County fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Tester fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

  1. Note. The cutoffs of the classification are the medians of the authoritative and authoritarian subscale scores. Each cell is a separate regression. Controls include child age, child gender, whether child has siblings, whether child attends preschool, whether child is cognitively delayed, whether child is left-behind (defined as both parents migrate), whether primary caregiver is mother, caregiver’s age, whether caregiver has obtained at least 9 years schooling, and the household asset index
  2. *p <.05 **p <.01 *** p <.001
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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