Brain structural alterations associated with impulsiveness in male violent patients with schizophrenia

BMC Psychiatry

Table 2 Significant differences in GMV between the three groups

Contrast	Hemisphere	Brain region	MNI coordinates			Cluster size	T	P
Contrast	Hemisphere	Brain region	x	y	z	Cluster size	T	P
VSC > NSC	right	insula	48	1.5	-1.5	23	3.84	0.023
HC > NSC
	left	Superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital	-3	46.5	-13.5	1145	5.04	< 0.001
		Gyrus rectus
	right	Insula	46.5	16.5	-6	2015	5.56	< 0.001
		Superior temporal gyrus
	left	Insula	-46.5	16.5	-6	290	4.51	0.003
	left	Superior temporal gyrus	-43.5	-21	9	376	4.86	0.001
	right	Superior frontal gyrus, medial	3	42	34.5	104	4.77	0.001
HC > VSC
	right	Temporal pole: middle temporal gyrus	39	10.5	-31.5	30	5.58	< 0.001
	left	Superior frontal gyrus, orbital part	-19.5	51	-6	66	5.54	< 0.001
	left	Superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital	-1.5	43.5	-15	1161	6.35	< 0.001
		Gyrus rectus
	right	Insula	52.5	9	-4.5	2287	7.37	< 0.001
		Superior temporal gyrus
	left	Insula	-49.5	16.5	-6	336	5.87	< 0.001
	left	Superior temporal gyrus	-45	-18	10.5	392	5.54	< 0.001
	right	Superior frontal gyrus, medial	0	40.5	30	104	5.24	< 0.001

NSC, schizophrenia patients without violence; VSC, schizophrenia patients with violence; HC, healthy controls; corrected for multiple comparisons after Family Wise Error (FWE), peak voxel significant at p < 0.05

ISSN: 1471-244X