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Table 3 Separate models for multivariable analysis of brain volumes (z-scores) and currently having an anxiety disorder, adjusting for sociodemographic indicators, behavioral inhibition score, child’s history of anxiety disorder, and presence of parental anxiety disorder

From: Brain volumes, behavioral inhibition, and anxiety disorders in children: results from the adolescent brain cognitive development study

Candidate brain structure

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Whole brain

0.825

0.698 0.975

0.856

0.719 1.020

0.818

0.691 0.969

0.821

0.694 0.971

Total cortical

0.751

0.580 0.970

0.766

0.584 1.004

0.749

0.577 0.973

0.755

0.582 0.975

Total cerebral WM

0.882

0.700 1.112

0.949

0.745 1.208

0.869

0.688 1.098

0.898

0.713 1.131

Total amygdala

0.798

0.666 0.956

0.841

0.695 1.019

0.789

0.657 0.949

0.791

0.659 0.949

Total hippocampus

0.956

0.797 1.146

0.995

0.823 1.202

0.948

0.789 1.138

0.945

0.787 1.133

Total accumbens

0.872

0.749 1.016

0.899

0.765 1.058

0.879

0.753 1.026

0.871

1.066 1.144

Total insula

0.846

0.699 1.024

0.862

0.710 1.047

0.851

0.702 1.032

0.854

0.706 1.033

Total anterior cingulate

0.937

0.807 1.089

0.946

0.806 1.111

0.927

0.796 1.079

0.945

0.813 1.098

Total posterior cingulate

0.875

0.734 1.043

0.906

0.752 1.091

0.878

0.734 1.049

0.883

0.741 1.052

Total orbitofrontal

0.913

0.765 1.089

0.911

0.758 1.096

0.912

0.764 1.089

0.915

0.766 1.091

Total prefrontal cortex

0.849

0.685 1.054

0.870

0.694 1.092

0.854

0.687 1.061

0.853

0.687 1.058

Total caudate

0.902

0.768 1.059

0.881

0.745 1.041

0.900

0.765 1.059

0.910

0.775 1.069

Total putamen

1.060

0.897 1.253

1.082

0.910 1.286

1.046

0.882 1.239

1.075

0.909 1.271

Total thalamus

1.115

0.896 1.386

1.181

0.937 1.488

1.104

0.885 1.378

1.134

0.912 1.410

Total precuneus

0.887

0.733 1.072

0.907

0.743 1.107

0.902

0.744 1.094

0.883

0.730 1.069

Total cuneus

0.919

0.781 1.079

0.902

0.759 1.073

0.920

0.781 1.084

0.924

0.786 1.086

Total entorhinal

0.962

0.828 1.118

0.959

0.819 1.124

0.966

0.829 1.125

0.960

0.826 1.117

Total Parahippocampal

0.906

0.769 1.067

0.902

0.759 1.073

0.899

0.762 1.061

0.900

0.764 1.061

Total precentral

0.802

0.661 0.973

0.813

0.665 0.994

0.793

0.652 0.965

0.811

0.668 0.984

Total Pallidum

0.913

0.775 1.076

0.909

0.767 1.078

0.899

0.761 1.062

0.917

0.777 1.082

  1. Model 1- age, sex, ICV, race, parent education, income, relationship status
  2. Model 2- age, sex, ICV, race, parent education, income, relationship status, past child anxiety disorder
  3. Model 3- age, sex, ICV, race, parent education, income, relationship status, parent anxiety disorder
  4. Model 4- age, sex, ICV, race, parent education, income, relationship status, behavioral inhibition scores
  5. Whole brain volume models do not include adjustment for ICV; sensitivity analyses including adjustment for ICV yielded similar conclusions
  6. In bold: associations with a p-value < 0.05. Underlined: p-value close to significance 0.05 < p-value ≤ 0.1
  7. CI confidence interval
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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