From: Effectiveness of substance use disorder treatment as an alternative to imprisonment
 | Outcome, HR (95% CI) |  |  |  |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model | Substance misuse | Mental health | Somatic health | Crime |
Adjusted for age and year | ||||
 Reference: parole (n = 19,864) | ||||
  Probation (n = 7182) | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.80 (0.77–0.84) |
  Contract treatment (n = 13,508) | 0.76 (0.70–0.83) | 0.91 (0.82–1.00) | 0.85 (0.80–0.90) | 0.55 (0.52–0.57) |
Adjusted for age, year, and substance use | ||||
 Reference: parole (n = 7945) | ||||
  Probation (n = 2426) | 0.82 (0.69–0.98) | 1.01 (0.82–1.26) | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) |
  Contract treatment (n = 5476) | 0.65 (0.56–0.75) | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) | 0.73 (0.65–0.81) | 0.48 (0.44–0.52) |
Adjusted for age, year, substance use, employment, and housing | ||||
 Reference: parole (n = 5359) | ||||
  Probation (n = 1876) | 0.80 (0.64–1.00) | 0.96 (0.74–1.26) | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) | 1.05 (0.93–1.18) |
  Contract treatment (n = 4083) | 0.70 (0.58–0.86) | 0.78 (0.61–0.99) | 0.78 (0.68–0.90) | 0.50 (0.45–0.55) |
Adjusted for age, year, substance use, employment, housing, and recidivism risk | ||||
 Reference: parole (n = 4146) | ||||
  Probation (n = 1414) | 0.86 (0.64–1.15) | 0.87 (0.60–1.25) | 0.96 (0.76–1.20) | 1.16 (0.99–1.35) |
  Contract treatment (n = 2658) | 0.64 (0.49–0.85) | 0.64 (0.45–0.90) | 0.73 (0.59–0.89) | 0.45 (0.40–0.51) |