Anosognosia and schizophrenia: the ethical intersection of insight, treatment and coercion

Background

Anosognosia is a symptom present in some individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. This neurological condition can greatly impair or eliminate the person's ability to have insight into the presence and/or nature of his or her illness. Such impairment in insight raises important ethical issues regarding how these individuals should be viewed with regards to autonomy, free will, self-determination and the extent to which coercion (such as involuntary hospitalization or forced medication) is justifiable. This paper will discuss this condition and explore the ethical implications and tensions brought on by anosognosia.

Methods

The presentation will be based on the author's clinical experience with this population as well as the research and literature on anosognosia, ethics of care, and coercion. In particular, the work of Stephen Darwall [1], Xavier Amador [2], and others will be used to explore the perspective of ethics of care as the basis for addressing these ethical tensions. Case examples from the presenter's clinical practice will help illustrate the nature of these ethical tensions.

Results

The presentation will include a model and rationale based on ethics of care that may be helpful in resolving the ethical tensions generated by the symptom of anosognosia. The model presents an ethical decision making process as well as clinical steps mental health practitioners can utilize to resolve such ethical tensions when issues of coercion are at stake.

Conclusion

Under some circumstances, certain levels of coercion may be justified based on an ethics of care approach when individuals with schizophrenia have substantially impaired insight into the presence and nature of their illness.