We are grateful to Chiara Pandolfini for language editing.
The composition of the Postnatal depression study group was as follows (affiliations at the time of the study are reported here):*
Scientific Committee: Antonio Clavenna, Filomena Fortinguerra, Elena Seletti, Maurizio Bonati, Laboratorio per la Salute Materno Infantile, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Milano; Anna Didoni, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Daniela Malnis, ASL Milano 1; Luca Brivio, Mariella Dana, Teresa Sciascia, family pediatricians, ASL Milano 1; Valeria Brenna, Farida Ferrato, Claudio Montresor, Mauro Percudani Azienda Ospedaliera G. Salvini, Garbagnate Milanese (MI), Allegra Fisogni, Lorena Vergani, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Legnano (MI), Alessandro Grecchi, Azienda Ospedaliera San Carlo (MI).
Family pediatricians: Francesca Amman, Hakam Asi, Antonella Avisani, Patrizio Banfi, Maria Pia Battilana, Carla Berardi, Giuseppina Beretta, Paola Beniamina Beretta, Maria Enrica Bertoglio, Lucia Bigalli, Emilio Bognetti, Marzia Boschetti, Dorella Bricalli, Luca Brivio, Pietro Buratti, Sonia Buzzi, Daniela Caccia, Gloria Caldarulo, Marina Irene Camiletti, Maria Luisa Cappuccilli, Maria Maura Carcano, Valentina Carmine, Antonio Cenci, Alberto Civardi, Daniela Cofano, Giuseppina Colavita, Francesca Colletta, Marzia Colombo, Mirella Colombo, Annalisa Cordoni, Anna Corno, Lina Crupi, Andrea Dall’Oglio, Beatrice Damiani, Mariella Dana, Monica De Angelis, Debora De Biase, Marina De Sanctis, Maria Elisabetta Di Cosimo, Laura Di Francesco, Mirella Di Leo, Massimiliano Dozzi, Maria Teresa Elicio, Patrizia Elli, Giuseppe Felice, Loredana Ferrari, Valentina Finizio, Paola Flumine, Cinzia Foschi, Mariacarla Garavaglia, Patrizia Gaslini, Riccardo Ghezzi, Maria Grazia Giuliani, Anna Immacolata Giurgola, Marco Giussani, Angela Rossana Grassi, Emanuela Gualdoni, Tiziana Guidi, Simonetta Gulli, Jarir Hussein Hamade, Talal Jaber, Gudrun Jischke, Roberto Lambiase, Maria Cristina Libretti, Maria Luisa Lodi, Maria Teresa Lovallo, Monica Lukezic, Giovanna Mancuso, Ermenegildo Marciante, Edgardo Marziani, Maria Gabriella Metta, Giovanna Miotto, Marco Moioli, Silvia Angela Monti, Anna Cinthia Morello, Rosanna Moretto, Gloria Nicolini, Patrizia Oldani, Paolo Paganuzzi, Marina Palmieri, Laura Pedrotti, Maria Gabriella Pellegrini, Elena Piacentini, Luisa Maria Poggi, Norberto Porta, Paola Portioli, Alfiero Prandoni, Barbara Ramenghi, Carla Rampini, Patrizia Rossi, Barbara Letizia Saccani, Moris Sahran, Vincenzo Saitta Salanitri, Laura Saleri, Mariam Nabil Sayegh, Teresa Sciascia, Elena Secco, Fabrizio Seidita, Silvia Senaldi, Stefania Signori, Stefania Soardo, Maria Giovanna Stabile, Patrizia Stasi, Marinella Strada, Angela Natalia Tagliati, Kadher Tamini, Maria Vittoria Tiranzi, Marta Travaini, Carla Tulipano, Antonio Usala, Mauro Villa, Giorgio Villa, Emilia Viola, Agnesita Viola, Cristina Volpe, Marco Giuseppe Volpi, Maria Zingales.
The authors would like to thank all parents and pediatricians who agreed to participate in the study.
Funding
The study was partly funded by the Milan-1 local health unit (ASL Milano 1), Italy.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Authors’ contributions
All the authors contributed equally to the design of the study and in writing the protocol. AC and MB coordinated and supervised the study. AC and ES drafted the first version of the manuscript. ES and MC conducted the statistical analysis. AC, AD, and MB interpreted the data. FF, LB, TS; DM coordinated and supervised data collection. All authors substantially contributed to and have approved the final manuscript.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The study was approved by the Milan LHU’s Ethics Review Board. Written consent was obtained by all parents participating in the study.
Consent for publication
Not Applicable.