Sex differences in dementia: on the potentially mediating effects of educational attainment and experiences of psychological distress

Hasselgren, Caroline; Ekbrand, Hans; Halleröd, Björn; Mellqvist Fässberg, Madeleine; Zettergren, Anna; Johansson, Lena; Skoog, Ingmar; Dellve, Lotta

doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02820-9

Table 3 Full structural models

From: Sex differences in dementia: on the potentially mediating effects of educational attainment and experiences of psychological distress

	M1 (conceptual, t₁)			M2 (final, t₁)			M3 (final, t₂)
	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p
DISTRESS →
Previous depression	0.605	0.419–0.792	***	0.614	0.426–0.802	***	0.628	0.429–0.827	***
Chronic loneliness	0.782	0.511–1.052	***	0.784	0.513–1.055	***	0.820	0.517–1.124	***
Stress	0.338	0.194–0.481	***	0.345	0.200–0.489	***	0.322	0.183–0.482	***
Satisfaction with social situation	0.724	0.496–0.953	***	0.713	0.491–0.934	***	0.683	0.477–0.773	***
Self-esteem	0.623	0.422–0.825	***	0.616	0.419–0.813	***	0.592	0.412–0.773	***
DISTRESS → Dementia	0.150	− 0.003 – 0.302	†	0.167	0.020–0.314	*	0.090	− 0.057 – 0.238	ns.
Education→ DISTRESS	− 0.164	0.302–0.804	**	− 0.166	− 0.286 – − 0.047	**	− 0.185	− 0.309 – − 0.061	**
Education → Dementia	− 0.022	− 0.160 – 0.115	ns.	–	–	–	–	–	–
Sex → Education	− 0.308	− 0.530 – − 0.087	**	− 0.345	− 0.521 – − 0.170	***	− 0.332	− 0.510 – − 0.155	***
Sex → DISTRESS	0.575	0.302–0.848	***	0.607	0.361–0.852	***	0.631	0.380–0.882	***
Sex → Dementia	0.008	− 0.995 – 1.011	ns.	–	–	–	–	–	–
Sex → Age	5.256	− 12.213 – 18.549	ns.	5.243	1.213–9.273	*	7.452	2.714–12.191	***
Age → DISTRESS	0.006	− 0.013 – 0.025	ns.	–	–	–	–	–	–
Age → Education	− 0.007	− 0.025 – 0.011	ns.	–	–	–	–	–	–
Age → Dementia	0.069	0.044–0.093	***	0.070	0.047–0.093	***	0.063	0.042–0.083	***
APOE ε4 → Dementia	0.231	− 0.003 – 0.465	†	0.232	− 0.002 – 0.466	†	0.228	−0.011 – 0.467	†
Depression_res ↔ Stress _res	0.464	0.349–0.579	***	0.461	0.345–0.577	***	0.463	0.344–0.583	***
Self-esteem_res ↔ Social situation_res	0.196	0.046–0.347	***	0.203	0.059–0.348	**	0.223	0.093–0.354	***
N	861			861			843
χ² (df)	75.521 (26)			73.107 (30)			72.208 (30)
TLI	0.895			0.921			0.920
RMSEA	0.047			0.041			0.041
WRMR	1.016			1.029			1.024

Note: Unstandardized WLSMV (probit) estimates for paths, ^†p ≤ 0.10; *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001

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