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Table 3 Univariable & Multivariable logistic regression analysis for depressive symptoms of the participants (n = 185)

From: Prevalence and biopsychosocial factors associated with depressive symptoms among patients living with systemic lupus erythematosus in clinical settings in urban Thailand

Variables (N)

Univariable

Multivariable

cOR

95%CI

p-value

aOR

95%CI

p-value

Biology factors:

 Disease flare (SLEDAI)

  Non-disease flare (145)

1

     

  Disease flare (40)

3.13

1.51, 6.51

0.002**

1.59

.30, 8.32

0.585

(Min = 0, Max = 12, Mean = 1.96, SD = 3.03)

 Organ damage (SLICC Damage Index)

  Non-organ damage (95)

1

     

  Organ damage (90)

1.88

1.04, 3.38

0.036*

1.33

.60, 2.93

0.478

(Min = 0, Max = 5, Mean = 0.75, SD = 0.96)

 Pain (NRS)

  Non-pain (108)

1

     

  Mild pain (22)

.69

.25, 1.91

0.476

.61

.18, 2.07

0.425

  Moderate pain (39)

2.15

1.02, 4.51

0.044*

1.53

.60, 3.91

0.379

  Severe pain (16)

27.63

3.51, 217.32

0.002**

12.11

1.35, 108.46

0.026*

(Min = 0, Max = 9, Mean = 1.95, SD = 2.63)

 Fatigue (FSS)

  Non-fatigue (98)

1

     

  Fatigue (87)

4.53

2.43, 8.45

0.000***

2.36

1.08, 5.14

0.031*

(Min = 1, Max = 7, Mean = 3.63, SD = 1.54)

 Prednisolone (mg/day)

  0 (51)

1

     

  1–5 (89)

1.03

.50, 2.11

0.937

.98

.39, 2.48

0.979

  6–14 (13)

2.93

.84, 10.30

0.093

3.68

.81, 16.67

0.091

   ≥ 15 (32)

4.03

1.57, 10.35

0.004**

5.75

1.76, 18.80

0.004**

(Min = 0, Max = 40, Mean = 5.90, SD = 7.71)

Psychology factor:

 Body image (BIS)

  High satisfied (120)

1

     

  Moderate satisfied (46)

2.57

1.28, 5.15

0.008**

1.86

.77, 4.46

0.163

  Low satisfied (19)

18.34

4.03, 83.43

0.000***

12.49

2.23, 69.80

0.004**

(Min = 0, Max = 20, Mean = 18.39, SD = 7.18)

Social factors:

 Social support (ESSI)

  High social support (115)

1

     

  Moderate social support (57)

3.14

1.63, 6.08

0.001**

2.98

1.32, 6.74

0.013*

  Low social support (13)

27.43

3.43, 219.18

0.002**

17.96

1.86, 173.77

0.009**

(Min = 9, Max = 30, Mean = 22.16, SD = 6.10)

 Household income sufficiency

  Leftover (90)

1

     

  No leftover (95)

2.22

1.23, 4.03

0.009**

1.63

.74, 3.56

0.225

  1. Abbreviations: SLEDAI the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity Index, SLICC Damage Index the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index, NRS Numeric Rating Scale, FSS Fatigue Severity Scale, BIS Body Image Scale, ESSI the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument, COR Crude odds ratio, AOR Adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval
  2. *p-value < 0.05
  3. **p-value < 0.01
  4. ***p-value < 0.001
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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