Table 1 Characteristics and treatment in catatonia group and non-catatonia group with anti-NMDAR encephalitis
From: Catatonia in adult anti-NMDAR encephalitis: an observational cohort study
Variables | All | Non-catatonia | Catatonia | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQRs) | 29.0(21.0-43.0) | 29.0(21.0-44.3) | 32.0(22.0-42.0) | 0.761 |
Female, n (%) | 45(53.6) | 32(54.2) | 13(52.0) | 0.851 |
Duration of hospitalization, median (IQRs) | 19.0(13.0-31.0) | 17.5(13.0-27.3) | 25.0(13.0-43.5) | 0.233 |
mRS in admission | 3(2-4) | 3(1-4) | 3(2-4.5) | 0.045 |
Auxiliary examination | ||||
 D-Dimer (n = 78) (mg/L) (IQRs) | 0(0-1.5) | 0(0-1.0) | 0(0-2.7) | 0.289 |
 Leucocytosis in CSF | 60(71.4) | 42(71.2) | 18(72.0) | 0.94 |
 Abnormal EEGa (n = 51), n (%) | 36(70.6) | 26(70.3) | 10(71.4) | > 0.999 |
 Abnormal MRIb (n = 78), n (%) | 45(57.7) | 28(50.9) | 17(73.9) | 0.061 |
Psychiatric history, n (%) | 1(1.2) | 0(0) | 1(4.0) | 0.298 |
Symptomatology, n (%) | ||||
 Prodrome | 54(64.3) | 38(64.4) | 16(64.0) | 0.972 |
 Psychiatric symptoms initially | 33(39.3) | 22(37.3) | 11(44.0) | 0.565 |
 Cognitive impairment | 50(59.5) | 35(59.3) | 15(60.0) | 0.954 |
 Speech disturbance | 36(42.9) | 18(30.5) | 18(72.0) | < 0.001 |
 Movement disorder | 21(25.0) | 14(23.7) | 7(28.0) | 0.679 |
 Disturbance of consciousness | 39(46.4) | 22(37.3) | 17(68.0) | 0.01 |
 Autonomic disturbance | 19(22.6) | 12(20.3) | 7(28.0) | 0.443 |
 Seizures | 56(66.7) | 37(62.7) | 19(76.0) | 0.238 |
 Status epilepticus | 18(21.4) | 11(18.6) | 7(28.0) | 0.339 |
 Psychiatric symptoms | 68(81.0) | 43(72.9) | 25(100.0) | 0.01 |
    Behavior | 60(71.4) | 37(62.7) | 23(92.0) | 0.007 |
      Aggression | 12(14.3) | 5(8.5) | 7(28.0) | 0.046 |
    Psychosis | 19(22.6) | 13(22.0) | 6(24.0) | 0.844 |
      Hallucination | 18(21.4) | 13(22.0) | 5(20.0) | 0.835 |
      Delusion | 5(6.0) | 2(3.4) | 3(12.0) | 0.307 |
    Mood | 30(35.7) | 17(28.8) | 13(52.0) | 0.043 |
      Irritability | 7(8.3) | 3(5.1) | 4(16.0) | 0.221 |
      Anxiety | 9(10.7) | 5(8.5) | 4(16.0) | 0.526 |
      Depression | 10(11.9) | 7(11.9) | 3(12.0) | > 0.999 |
    Sleep disorder | 35(41.7) | 22(37.3) | 13(52.0) | 0.211 |
    Suicidality | 3(3.6) | 3(5.1) | 0(0) | 0.551 |
    Eating | 5(6.0) | 3(5.1) | 2(8.0) | 0.99 |
    Delirium | 8(9.5) | 5(8.5) | 3(12.0) | 0.923 |
Admission to ICU, n (%) | 33(39.3) | 18(30.5) | 15(60.0) | 0.011 |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 18(21.4) | 11(18.6) | 7(28.0) | 0.339 |
Comorbidities and complications, n (%) | ||||
 Tumour | 4(4.8) | 3(5.1) | 1(4.0) | > 0.999 |
 Other immune diseases | 3(3.6) | 3(5.1) | 0(0) | 0.551 |
 Decubitus | 12(14.3) | 5(8.5) | 7(28.0) | 0.046 |
 Deep vein thrombosis | 7(8.3) | 1(1.7) | 6(24.0) | 0.003 |
 Acute kidney failure | 3(3.6) | 2(3.4) | 1(4.0) | > 0.999 |
 Pneumonia | 38(45.2) | 22(37.3) | 16(64.0) | 0.025 |
Immunotherapy, n (%) | ||||
 First-line | 80(95.2) | 55(93.2) | 25(100.0) | 0.439 |
  Corticosteroids | 79(94.0) | 54(91.5) | 25(100.0) | 0.319 |
  Gamma globulin | 32(38.1) | 19(32.2) | 13(52.0) | 0.088 |
  Plasmapheresis | 7(8.3) | 4(6.8) | 3(12.0) | 0.719 |
 Second-line | 5(6.0) | 3(5.1) | 2(8.0) | 0.990 |
Symptomatic treatment | ||||
 Atypical antipsychotics | 57(67.9) | 34(57.6) | 23(92.0) | 0.002 |