Chang CK, Hayes RD, Perera G, Broadbent MT, Fernandes AC, Lee WE, et al. Life expectancy at birth for people with serious mental illness and other major disorders from a secondary mental health care case register in London. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19590.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Funk M, Drew N, Freeman M, Faydi E, World Health O. Mental health and development : targeting people with mental health conditions as a vulnerable group / Michelle funk ... [et al]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
Google Scholar
Vreeland B. Bridging the gap between mental and physical health: a multidisciplinary approach. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(Suppl 4):26–33.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tiihonen J, Lönnqvist J, Wahlbeck K, Klaukka T, Niskanen L, Tanskanen A, et al. 11-year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet. 2009;374(9690):620–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Osby U, Correia N, Brandt L, Ekbom A, Sparén P. Time trends in schizophrenia mortality in Stockholm county, Sweden: cohort study. BMJ. 2000;321(7259):483–4.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Thornicroft G. Physical health disparities and mental illness: the scandal of premature mortality. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;199(6):441–2.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reilly S, Olier I, Planner C, Doran T, Reeves D, Ashcroft DM, et al. Inequalities in physical comorbidity: a longitudinal comparative cohort study of people with severe mental illness in the UK. BMJ Open. 2015;5(12):e009010.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hayes JF, Marston L, Walters K, King MB, Osborn DPJ. Mortality gap for people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: UK-based cohort study 2000-2014. Br J Psychiatry. 2017;211(3):175–81.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stewart B, Khanduri P, McCord C, Ohene-Yeboah M, Uranues S, Vega Rivera F, et al. Global disease burden of conditions requiring emergency surgery. Br J Surg. 2014;101(1):e9–22.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Papandria D, Goldstein SD, Rhee D, Salazar JH, Arlikar J, Gorgy A, et al. Risk of perforation increases with delay in recognition and surgery for acute appendicitis. J Surg Res. 2013;184(2):723–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McQueen KA, Ozgediz D, Riviello R, Hsia RY, Jayaraman S, Sullivan SR, et al. Essential surgery: integral to the right to health. Health Hum Rights. 2010;12(1):137–52.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ingram ME, Calabro K, Polites S, McCracken C, Aspelund G, Rich BS, et al. Systematic review of disparities in care and outcomes in pediatric appendectomy. J Surg Res. 2020;249:42–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tsay JH, Lee CH, Hsu YJ, Wang PJ, Bai YM, Chou YJ, et al. Disparities in appendicitis rupture rate among mentally ill patients. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:331.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ponsky TA, Huang ZJ, Kittle K, Eichelberger MR, Gilbert JC, Brody F, et al. Hospital- and patient-level characteristics and the risk of appendiceal rupture and negative appendectomy in children. JAMA. 2004;292(16):1977–82.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital International Medical Center- Overview 2022 [updated January 6, 2022. Available from: http://www.chang-gung.com/en/about.aspx?id=11&bid=1.
Tsai MS, Lin MH, Lee CP, Yang YH, Chen WC, Chang GH, et al. Chang gung research database: a multi-institutional database consisting of original medical records. Biom J. 2017;40(5):263–9.
Google Scholar
Shao SC, Lai EC, Huang TH, Hung MJ, Tsai MS, Yang YH, et al. The Chang gung research database: multi-institutional real-world data source for traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2021;30(5):652–60.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373–83.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Huang YQ, Gou R, Diao YS, Yin QH, Fan WX, Liang YP, et al. Charlson comorbidity index helps predict the risk of mortality for patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2014;15(1):58–66.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Kosanke J, Bergstralh E. Match one or more controls to cases using the GREEDY algorithm. Rochester: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; 2004.
Google Scholar
Skrivankova VW, Richmond RC, Woolf BAR, Yarmolinsky J, Davies NM, Swanson SA, et al. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology using Mendelian randomization: the STROBE-MR statement. JAMA. 2021;326(16):1614–21.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hui TT, Major KM, Avital I, Hiatt JR, Margulies DR. Outcome of elderly patients with appendicitis: effect of computed tomography and laparoscopy. Arch Surg. 2002;137(9):995–8 discussion 9-1000.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lin KB, Chan CL, Yang NP, Lai RK, Liu YH, Zhu SZ, et al. Epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy for the low-income population in Taiwan, 2003-2011. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015;15:18.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Braveman P, Schaaf VM, Egerter S, Bennett T, Schecter W. Insurance-related differences in the risk of ruptured appendix. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(7):444–9.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Nishihira Y, McGill RL, Kinjo M. Perforated appendicitis in patients with schizophrenia: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):e017150.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lin HR, Wang HC, Wang JH, Lu HH. Increased risk of perforated appendicitis in patients with schizophrenia and dementia: a population-based case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(5):e18919.
Article
Google Scholar
Wagner M, Tubre DJ, Asensio JA. Evolution and current trends in the Management of Acute Appendicitis. Surg Clin North Am. 2018;98(5):1005–23.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Raptopoulos V, Katsou G, Rosen MP, Siewert B, Goldberg SN, Kruskal JB. Acute appendicitis: effect of increased use of CT on selecting patients earlier. Radiology. 2003;226(2):521–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lin KB, Lai KR, Yang NP, Wu KS, Ting HW, Pan RH, et al. Trends and outcomes in the utilization of laparoscopic appendectomies in a low-income population in Taiwan from 2003 to 2011. Int J Equity Health. 2015;14:100.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wu TY, Majeed A, Kuo KN. An overview of the healthcare system in Taiwan. London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 2010;3(2):115–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Wang SI, Yaung CL. Vertical equity of healthcare in Taiwan: health services were distributed according to need. Int J Equity Health. 2013;12:12.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Guedj R, Marini M, Kossowsky J, Berde CB, Kimia AA, Fleegler EW. Racial and ethnic disparities in pain Management of Children with Limb Fractures or suspected appendicitis: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:652854.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wilson TT, Chou SC, Becker S, Schuur JD, Beaudoin F. Evaluation of sex disparities in opioid use among ED patients with sickle cell disease, 2006-2015. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;50:597–601.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morden NE, Chyn D, Wood A, Meara E. Racial inequality in prescription opioid receipt - role of individual health systems. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(4):342–51.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Amoli HA, Golozar A, Keshavarzi S, Tavakoli H, Yaghoobi A. Morphine analgesia in patients with acute appendicitis: a randomised double-blind clinical trial. Emerg Med J. 2008;25(9):586–9.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Yuan Y, Chen JY, Guo H, Zhang Y, Liang DM, Zhou D, et al. Relief of abdominal pain by morphine without altering physical signs in acute appendicitis. Chin Med J. 2010;123(2):142–5.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Goyal MK, Kuppermann N, Cleary SD, Teach SJ, Chamberlain JM. Racial disparities in pain Management of Children with Appendicitis in emergency departments. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(11):996–1002.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Opoku ST, Apenteng BA, Akowuah EA, Bhuyan S. Disparities in emergency department wait time among patients with mental health and substance-related disorders. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2018;45(2):204–18.
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Hert M, Correll CU, Bobes J, Cetkovich-Bakmas M, Cohen D, Asai I, et al. Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care. World Psychiatry. 2011;10(1):52–77.
Article
Google Scholar
Sartelli M, Baiocchi GL, Di Saverio S, Ferrara F, Labricciosa FM, Ansaloni L, et al. Prospective observational study on acute appendicitis worldwide (POSAW). World J Emerg Surg. 2018;13:19.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Niedzwiecki MJ, Sharma PJ, Kanzaria HK, McConville S, Hsia RY. Factors associated with emergency department use by patients with and without mental health diagnoses. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(6):e183528.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
De Hert M, Cohen D, Bobes J, Cetkovich-Bakmas M, Leucht S, Ndetei DM, et al. Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. II. Barriers to care, monitoring and treatment guidelines, plus recommendations at the system and individual level. World Psychiatry. 2011;10(2):138–51.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shefer G, Henderson C, Howard LM, Murray J, Thornicroft G. Diagnostic overshadowing and other challenges involved in the diagnostic process of patients with mental illness who present in emergency departments with physical symptoms--a qualitative study. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e111682.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Sølvhøj IN, Kusier AO, Pedersen PV, Nielsen MBD. Somatic health care professionals' stigmatization of patients with mental disorder: a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):443.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Navanandan N, Schmidt SK, Cabrera N, Topoz I, DiStefano MC, Mistry RD. Seventy-two-hour return initiative: improving emergency department discharge to decrease returns. Pediatr Qual Saf. 2020;5(5):e342.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar